Drugs and Conditions Causing Seizures Quiz

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What is refractory status epilepticus?

SE that has responded to therapy

SE that resolves within 30 minutes

SE that recurs within 24 hours

SE that has failed to respond to therapy with at least two medications (correct)

What is superrefractory status epilepticus?

SE that resolves within 24 hours

SE that fails to resolve within 24 hours despite therapy (correct)

SE that responds to continuous infusion of midazolam

SE that is caused by prior epilepsy

What is the trend regarding the minimum duration of refractory status epilepticus currently?

The minimum duration has been increased to 24 hours

A minimum duration of 2 hours is now required

There is no specific minimum duration assigned currently (correct)

A minimum duration of 30 minutes is now assigned

How is new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) different?

It is a distinct entity caused by prior epilepsy Signup and view all the answers

In what situations should refractory status epilepticus be considered?

Especially in an unresponsive or encephalopathic child Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Devastating epileptic encephalopathy in schoolage children?

Seizure-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in adolescents Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of hemiconvulsion–hemiplegia–epilepsy syndrome?

Prolonged febrile status epilepticus Signup and view all the answers

What is the suspected etiology of Devastating epileptic encephalopathy in schoolage children and FIRES?

Autoimmune and para-infectious Signup and view all the answers

Which factor accounts for the highest percentage as a cause of Devastating epileptic encephalopathy in schoolage children?

Medication change Signup and view all the answers

How is the ketogenic diet typically used in the treatment of Devastating epileptic encephalopathy in schoolage children?

As a potentially responsive intervention Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs can cause seizures, as mentioned in the text?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a drug that can cause seizures in the text?

Morphine Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic assessment is NOT recommended in the text for patients with seizures?

Ultrasound of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential respiratory complications mentioned in the text related to seizures?

Hypoxia and hypercarbia Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare complication associated with seizures according to the text?

Neurogenic pulmonary edema Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered in patients with prolonged seizures according to the text?

Metabolic and genetic testing Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame recommended by the Neurocritical Care Society Guidelines for achieving definitive seizure control after seizure onset?

60 minutes Signup and view all the answers

When may a decision be made to proceed to continuous infusion and intubation in a patient with ongoing convulsive seizures?

After 30-60 minutes of convulsive seizures Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of using an intravenous bolus followed by continuous infusion of medications like midazolam, propofol, pentobarbital, or thiopental in refractory status epilepticus treatment?

To achieve complete flattening of the EEG Signup and view all the answers

When might a patient with status epilepticus need to be intubated?

After the second or third medication is given Signup and view all the answers

Why is EEG considered the method of choice to follow patients with status epilepticus?

To stop electrographic seizure activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal time frame for receiving urgent therapies in status epilepticus management to reduce the chances of sequelae?

< 30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication associated with patients receiving pentobarbital coma therapy?

Requirement for multiple vasopressors to maintain blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which complication limits the use of propofol in the pediatric population?

Rhabdomyolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of patients with superrefractory status epilepticus (SRSE)?

Lack of response to 24 hours of general anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of using ketamine infusion to treat superrefractory status epilepticus?

Hemodynamic instability Signup and view all the answers

How do NMDA receptors relate to the treatment of status epilepticus?

Increase in NMDA receptor upregulation is associated with ketamine use Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration in the treatment of superrefractory status epilepticus?

Initiation of polytherapy with other AEDs Signup and view all the answers