Questions and Answers
Which route of heroin administration results in the most rapid surge of euphoria?
Injecting
What effect does MOR activation have on GABA action?
Inhibits GABA action
What is responsible for the opioid crisis, often referred to as 'hillbilly heroin'?
Prescription opioids like slow-release oxycodone or morphine tablets
What is a common consequence of heroin use related to injection of contaminated drugs?
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What is the mechanism of action of buprenorphine?
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What is a potential risk associated with methadone use?
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What is the implication of GAT1 in the process of counter-adaptation?
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What is the effect of naloxone when combined with buprenorphine?
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What is a characteristic of rapid detox treatment?
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What is the primary effect of nicotine on dopamine (DA) neurons?
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What is a common effect of nicotine on the body's physiological functions?
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What is the effect of nicotine on adrenal glands?
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What is a reason for the difficulty in studying addicted populations?
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Which type of treatment reduces cravings and satisfaction of smoking due to receptor occupancy?
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Which treatment option may help in combination with Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) and has side effects including significant drowsiness and constipation?
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Which treatment results in antibodies that bind nicotine, has no effect on craving, and is no better than placebo?
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Which antidepressant has a similar efficacy to NRT, with side effects including lower seizure threshold and sedation?
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What are the effects of alcohol on the body?
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What are the counter-adaptations to alcohol use?
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What are the potential neurological effects of alcohol dependence?
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What is the implication of alcohol on normal breathing?
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Which medication has the potential to be hepatotoxic at high doses but is safer when injected?
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Which medication is known to cause flush, palpitations, and nausea as a result of blocking aldehyde dehydrogenase?
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Which medication may inhibit NMDA-Rs and has a similar efficacy to naltrexone?
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Which medication is an anti-epileptic and may alter phosphorylation state of Na+, Ca2+, GABA, and Gly channels/receptors?
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Which medication has the potential to significantly reduce drinking but with variable results, and has some evidence of better outcomes based on polymorphisms in kainate receptors?
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Which type of treatment reduces cravings and satisfaction of smoking due to receptor occupancy?
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What is a potential use of vaccines in addiction treatment?
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Study Notes
Addiction and Drug Use in Australia
- Addiction is defined as a state where drug use continues despite potential or actual harm to the user.
- In Australia, 84% of the population uses alcohol, 17% uses nicotine, and 11% uses cannabis recreationally.
Demographics and Reasons for Drug Use
- The 20-29 year old age group is the highest user of drugs.
- Drugs are used for various reasons, including:
- To feel good: new sensations, pleasure, and community.
- To feel better: self-medication, escape problems, lessen anxiety, reduce fear, and reduce depression.
Economic Costs of Drug Use
- The total cost of drug use in Australia is estimated to be:
- $18.3 billion for alcohol.
- $31.5 billion for nicotine, which accounts for 1/8 of the Australian disease burden.
- $8.2 billion for illicit drugs.
- The costs arise from lost productivity, criminal activity, healthcare, accidents, and damage.
Prevalence of Addiction
- Not all users are addicted, with:
- Only 7.2% of alcohol users drinking daily, and 39.5% drinking weekly.
- 15.9% of nicotine users smoking daily.
- No specific data available for cannabis users.
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Description
Test your knowledge about drug use and addiction in Australia with this quiz. Explore the prevalence of recreational drug use among different age groups and understand the reasons behind it. Learn about the potential harm and effects associated with drug addiction.
