Drug Use and Abuse Quiz

Abuse and Misuse of Hallucinogens, Marijuana, Inhalants, and Prescription Drugs

• The abuse and misuse of psychoactive substances have increased significantly over recent decades, leading to severe health, social, and economic challenges worldwide.

Categories of Psychoactive Drugs

• Hallucinogens, Marijuana, Inhalants, Prescription Drugs
• Effects on the central nervous system (CNS): Altering perceptions, impacting mood, and behavior.
• Dependency potential varies by drug type.
• Hallucinogens: Psychedelic experiences, sensory alterations.
• Marijuana: Relaxation, altered sense of time.
• Inhalants: Quick highs, significant risk factors.
• Prescription Drugs: Medical use can lead to potential misuse.
• Synthetic Drugs: Laboratory-created, often unpredictable.

Chemical Properties

• Hallucinogens: Psychoactive compounds affecting serotonin pathways.
• Marijuana: Cannabinoids, primarily THC and CBD.
• Inhalants: Volatile chemicals, rapid bloodstream entry.
• Prescription Drugs: Diverse pharmacological profiles.
• Synthetic Drugs: Lab-created psychoactive properties.
• Impact on the brain: Alters perception, mood, cognition.
• Toxicity levels: Vary, dependent on substance and dosage.
• Metabolism: How substances are processed and cleared.
• Influences on effects: Environmental and genetic factors.

Overview of Psychoactive Substances

• Categories of substances: Hallucinogens, Marijuana, Inhalants, Prescription Drugs.
• Each category has unique chemical properties and societal impacts.
• These substances alter perceptions, cognitive functions, and can lead to severe addiction and long-term health consequences.

Understanding Psychoactive Substances

• Education: Key to prevention and awareness.
• Policy Development: Informed decisions for legislation.
• Public Health Strategies: Improved planning and resources.
• Support Systems: Strengthen networks for recovery.
• Personal Impact: Recognition of the larger societal role.
• Scientific Research: Information on drug effects and therapies.
• Therapeutic Uses: Exploration of uses like psilocybin for depression research.
• Cultural Understanding: Acknowledgement of historical and societal perceptions.

Ancient Use of Psychedelics

• Prehistoric Times: Archaeological evidence of ancient societies using psychedelics for religious and healing purposes.
• Aztec Culture: The Aztecs used psilocybin mushrooms in religious ceremonies for communication with gods.
• South America: Indigenous cultures used ayahuasca, a brew containing DMT, for spiritual and healing rituals.

Historical Context

• Ancient Use: Psychedelics in spiritual practices.
• 20th Century: Rise of recreational use, legal restrictions.
• Modern Era: Renewed interest in therapeutic use.
• Societal Shift: From therapeutic to recreational use; caution.
• Key Questions: History's role in current use. Specific examples:
  • Cannabis: Key role in early civilizations (China, India)
  • Mescaline: Ritualistic use by indigenous cultures.

Enteogens (Psychedelic Drugs) and the Ancient Mystery Religions

• Pharmacological Roots of Religion
• Hermeneutics and a Definition of Terms
• Toxicology
• Sources, Chemistry, and Effects (e.g., Amanita muscaria, Ergot alkaloids, Psilocybin, DMT, Tropane Alkaloids)

Modern Discovery and Research of Psychedelics

• Albert Hofmann: LSD synthesis and discovery.
• 1950s-1960s: Peak in psychedelic research, studying their potential to treat mental health conditions.

History of Cannabis

• Origin: Central Asia, spread to China and India.
• Early Uses: Medical, spiritual, textile (fiber use)
• Spread: Move to Middle East, Africa, Europe
• 19th Century: Western medical use and decline
• 20th Century Regulation: 1937 Marijuana Tax Act in the US

History of Mescaline

• Indigenous Use: Peyote in North America, San Pedro in South America.
• Spanish Conquest: Early European encounters and attempts to suppress.
• Cultural Persistence: Continuation of indigenous rituals.
• 19th Century Discoveries: Medical interest and journaling.
• 20th Century Synthesis: Ernst Späth's contributions.
• Psychiatric Research: Mescaline studies in mental health
• Cultural Impact: Influence in literature and films.
• Traditional Practices: Legal status in Native American Church.
• Therapeutic Research: Renewed interest in psychedelic therapy.

Countries of Origin and Spread

• Psychedelics: Origins in Central/South America and Europe.
• Cannabis: Roots in Central Asia; spreading globally.
• Mescaline: Found in Americas, ritualistic use by indigenous peoples.
• African Traditions: Significant uses
• Spread Through Trade: Historical exchanges influencing distribution
• Cultural Integration: Varied uses in different societies.
• 20th-century Globalization: Influence on spread and access.
• Regional Trends: Current patterns in use and regulation.

Historical Influences on Art and Culture.

• Psychedelic Art: Influence in visual arts and music.
• Key Artists: Peter Max, Alex Grey (Effects of LSD on creativity).
• Psychedelic Rock: Bands like The Beatles, Pink Floyd.
• Literary Works; Influence on authors (e.g. Huxley's "The Doors of Perception")
• Cinema impact, exploring psychedelic themes.
• Tie-dye Fashion: Cultural iconography of a generation.
• Spiritual Exploration: Artistic interpretations of consciousness.
• Modern Revivals: Influence in contemporary art and music.
• Historical evidence of ancient psychedelic influences (e.g., rock art)

Modern Resurgence in Research

• Current Clinical Trials: Psilocybin and MDMA therapeutic potential.
• Published Studies: Major depressive disorder treatment.
• Regulatory Shifts: FDA guidance for psychedelic trials.
• Potential Markets: Growth in treating psychological issues
• Ethical Considerations: Safety of use and consent.
• Brain Connectivity: The impact of drugs on brain structures.
• Longevity of Effects: Examining therapeutic durability
• Case Study Evidence: Examples of treatment successes.
• Future Prospects: Future research areas.

Drugs Overview and Analysis

Marijuana and Concentrates

• Cannabis plant: Variations in forms (flowers, oil, wax).
• THC: Main psychoactive compound, determining potency.
• CBD: Non-psychoactive, potential health benefits.
• Methods of Use: Smoking, vaping, edibles, tinctures.
• Health Effects: Euphoria, relaxation vs. anxiety, paranoia.
• Concentrates: Hash oil, dabs with higher THC levels
• Medical Use: Pain relief, anti-inflammatory properties.
• Legalization Trends: Global and domestic variation.
• Cultural Acceptance: Growing Integration in daily life.

Inhalants Overview

• Common products: Paint thinners, glue, aerosols.
• Methods of Abuse: Sniffing, huffing (direct inhaling.)
• Short-term Effects: Dizziness, hallucinations, euphoria.

Prescription Drugs Overview

• Opioids: Types, high addiction risk.
• Stimulants: Types (adderall, ritalin).
• Sedatives: Benzodiazepines, often prescribed for anxiety or insomnia.
• Anabolic Steroids: Types, use leading to muscle growth and athletic performance.

Phencyclidine (PCP)

• History: Medical development as anesthetic; later recreational use.
• Shift to Recreational Use: popularity in the 1970s leading to widespread misuse.
• Recreational Use of PCP: Forms and consumption methods; varying effect intensity and nature.

Phencyclidine Effects of Recreational Use

• Dissociative Experiences: detachment from reality, body, impaired perception of time and space
• Hallucinations: Induction of vivid visual and auditory hallucinations.
• Euphoria and Stimulation: Heightened mood, sensory perception
• Psychological Effects: agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, psychotic episodes.
• Physical Risks: High heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory issues.
• Addiction Potential: Psychological dependence despite not being physically addictive.

Synthetic Drugs

• K2/Spice: Synthetic cannabinoids, mimic THC effects, market as "herbal incense" , "bath salts".
• Designer Drugs: Constantly evolving to avoid legal restrictions, often produced in unregulated labs.

Impact and Effects

Societal Impact of Psychoactives

• Public Health: Overdose crises, hospital admissions
• Economic Burden: Healthcare costs, productivity loss
• Crime Rates: Low-level drug offenses to major trafficking charges
• Family Dynamics: Strain, disruption, support challenges
• Youth Risk: Vulnerabilities at different developmental stages
• Policy Implications: Informed legislation for harm reduction
• Community Programs: Education and intervention initiatives
• Media Influence: Representation and public perception
• Global Trends: Differences in regional use and issues

Short-term vs. Long-term Effects

Long-term Health Impacts (Mental and Physical)

Effects of Hallucinogens

Marijuana Effects

Inhalants Effects

Prescription Drugs Effects

Synthetic Drugs Effects

Treatment Options Overview

Drug-specific Treatments

Behavioral Therapies

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

Legal Status and Regulations

Hallucinogens Legal Status

Pharmaceutical and Cannabis-based Products

Marijuana Legal Status Around the World

Countries that Have Provisions for Medical Use of Cannabis, 2021

Regulatory Approaches to Traditional Herbal Medical Products

Prescription Drugs and Anabolic Steroids Regulation

Effective Prevention Strategies Summary

Depressants Abuse and Misuse

• Overview of Depressants:
  • CNS Depressants: Substances reducing brain activity, producing calming effects.
  • Therapeutic Uses: managing anxiety, insomnia, seizures (e.g. benzodiazepines, barbiturates).
  • Recreational Uses: Often abused for relaxing and euphoric effects (e.g., alcohol, opioids).
  • Risks: Addiction, overdose, death.

Deaths from Depressants

• Overview of data related to overdose deaths by drug category.

Public Health Crisis

• Misuse Trends: Rising rates of depressant misuse, notably opioids, globally.
• The Opioid Epidemic: Key driver of overdose deaths, primarily in North America.
• Addiction Cycle: Tolerance and dependence leading to increased doses.
• Impact of Misuse on Society: Strain on healthcare, law enforcement, and families.

Types of Depressants

Opioids

Difference Between an Opioid and an Opiate

Natural Opioids, Semi-Synthetic Opioids, and Synthetic Opioids

Benzodiazepines

Barbiturates

Alcohol as a Depressant

Other Depressants

Short-term Effects of Depressants

Long-term Effects of Depressants

Mental Health Impacts of Depressants

Social Consequences of Depressants Use

Physical Health Consequences of Depressants Use

Opioid Discovery and Development Timeline

Heroin

Global Heroin Trade

EU Countries Identified as Origin/Transit of Seized Heroin

Fentanyl

Oxycodone

Comparing Overdose Risks

Kratom

Street Names of Kratom

Effects of Kratom

Kratom Withdrawal Symptoms

Substances, such as:

Short-term Effects of Stimulants

Long-term Effects of Stimulants

Cocaine

Cocaine: History and Origin

Cocaine: Effects and Risks

Cocaine: Forms and Methods of Use

Cocaine: Medical Uses

Physiologic and Neurological Effects of Cocaine

Cocaine Misuse and Addiction

Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms

Cocaine Withdrawal Phases

Cocaine: Long-term Health Risks

Cocaine Addiction and Withdrawal

Key Facts About Alcohol and Cocaine Co-abuse

Neuroadaptations from Chronic Cocaine Use

Challenges in Treating Co-dependence

Cocaine Addiction Treatment

Medications (In Research)

Cocaine Slang Terms

Reasons for Cocaine Abuse and Misuse

Cocaine Summary Points

Conclusion

Amphetamines

Amphetamine: What is it?

Amphetamine: Street Names

Amphetamine: Appearance and How it's Abused

Amphetamine: Effects on the Mind

Amphetamine: Effects on the Body

Amphetamine: Overdose Effects

Amphetamine: Similar Drugs

Amphetamine: Legal Status

Amphetamine: Neurochemistry

Amphetamine: Acute effects

Methamphetamine: What is it?

Methamphetamine: Street Names

Methamphetamine: Appearance and How it's Abused

Methamphetamine: Effects on the Mind

Methamphetamine: Effects on the Body

Methamphetamine: Short-term Effects

Methamphetamine: Long-term Health Risks

Methamphetamine: Addiction and Withdrawal

Harmful Effects of Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine: Similar Drugs

Amphetamine vs Methamphetamine (Table comparing.)

Khat: What is it?

Khat: Origins

Khat: Street Names

Khat: Appearance and How it's Abused

Khat: Short-term effects

Khat: Long-term effects

Khat: Similar Drugs

Trade and impact of Cocaine

Impact of Khat

Bath Salts (Synthetic Cathinones) Overview

Synthetic Cathinones: Origins

Synthetic Cathinones: Active Ingredients

Synthetic Cathinones: Street Names

Synthetic Cathinones: Appearance and How it's Abused

Synthetic Cathinones: Short-term Effects

Synthetic Cathinones: Effects on the Body

Synthetic Cathinones: Long-term Effects

Synthetic Cathinones: Overdose Effects

Synthetic Cathinones: Similar Drugs

Caffeine

Caffeine: What is it?

Caffeine: Effects and Risks

Caffeine: Effects on the Mind

Caffeine: Effects on the Body

Caffeine: Overdose

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

SSRIs: What is it?

SSRIs: Overdose Effects

SSRIs: Uses and Risks

Nicotine

Nicotine: Health Risks

Nicotine Therapies

Energy Drinks

Energy Drinks: Composition

Energy Drinks: Use & Role

Energy Drinks: Short-term Effects

Energy Drinks: Long-term Effects

Treatment Options for Stimulant Addiction

Treatment Options for Cocaine Addiction

Methamphetamine Addiction Treatment Options

Overview: Treatment Options for Stimulant Addiction

Common Triggers for Relapse

Cocaine Relapse Triggers

Relapse Prevention Strategies

Data on ATS (amphetamine-type stimulants) consumption trends (2018-2022).

Cocaine vs. Methamphetamine Effects Comparison

Caffeine vs. Methamphetamine vs. Cocaine Effects

Legal Consequences of Stimulants

Consumption Trends Over Time (2010-2023)

Withdrawal Symptoms Comparison: Caffeine vs. Methamphetamine vs. Cocaine

Treatment Options Comparison

Common Relapse Triggers: Comparison

Case Study of Methamphetamine Addiction

Case Study of Cocaine Addiction

Case Study of Caffeine Addiction

Case Studies - Dual Diagnosis (Methamphetamine and Depression).

Case Study: Khat Addiction

Key Terms and Definitions

Proper Use, Misuse, and Abuse of Drugs

History of Drug Use and the Historical Context of Drug Use.

Drug Abuse vs. Misuse

What is drug misuse?

What is substance use disorder?

What are the symptoms of substance use disorder?

What are the risk factors for a substance use disorder?

What are the complications of substance use disorder?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses (DSM-5)

Recognizing Signs of Drug Use or Intoxication

• Signs and symptoms of Marijuana, Hashish, and other cannabis-containing substances.

Signs and Symptoms of recent Use for various substances.

Methods of Detection for Drug Use.

• Urine samples
• Hair tests

13 Principles of Effective Drug Addiction Treatment

Global Perspectives on Addiction Treatment

Economic and Social Impact of the Opioid Crisis

• Financial cost.
• Impact on families.
• Community disruption.
• Government response

Future of Drug Policy and Harm Reduction

The Opioid Epidemic and Purdue Pharma

Consequences of the Opioid Epidemic

Conclusion: Addressing the Crisis

Illegal Production and Trade of Depressants

Stimulants Abuse and Misuse.