Drug Scheduling and Refills
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Drug Scheduling and Refills

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason drugs are scheduled or controlled?

  • Potential for use, misuse, and addiction (correct)
  • To ensure availability for research
  • To promote their medical usage
  • To limit the number of prescriptions

    • Which schedule includes drugs with the highest potential for abuse and no accepted medical use?

  • Schedule IV
  • Schedule III
  • Schedule II
  • Schedule I (correct)

    • Which of the following is an example of a Schedule II drug?

  • LSD
  • Diazepam
  • Codeine
  • Adderall (correct)

    • What is the refill policy for Schedule III drugs?

    <p>Up to 5 refills permitted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How must prescriptions for Schedule II drugs be handled?

    <p>Written RX must be provided within 72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect typically characterizes drugs in Schedule I?

    <p>Severe psychological or physical dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these drugs is classified under Schedule III?

    <p>Vicodin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding Schedule II drugs?

    <p>They have a high potential for abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is classified as an FDA-approved primary treatment for fibromyalgia?

    <p>Duloxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the CDC guidelines on prescribing opioids?

    <p>Tailor pain management to the individual needs of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is primarily associated with analgesia and euphoria when activated?

    <p>Mu receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'activation' of a receptor refer to?

    <p>The intensity of the biological response following receptor binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-opioid treatment options does the CDC recommend to consider first for pain management?

    <p>NSAIDs and exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common side effect is associated with the local anesthetic lidocaine?

    <p>Vasovagal response with pain/anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended practice when starting opioid therapy according to the CDC?

    <p>Begin with the lowest effective dose for the shortest time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has a very strong affinity but blocks receptor activation?

    <p>Naloxone (Narcan)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important patient teaching when prescribing capsaicin?

    <p>Avoid contact with eyes or mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medications are considered best for treating neuropathic pain?

    <p>Anticonvulsants and TCAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the effectiveness of opioids for chronic pain management?

    <p>Opioids are the best treatment for all chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions does medical marijuana have FDA approval for?

    <p>Chronic non-cancer pain and epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes acute/abortive treatment from prophylactic treatment of migraines?

    <p>Acute/abortive medications are used at the time of headache onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible effect of sumatriptan when used for migraine treatment?

    <p>It suppresses CGRP release and constricts blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of anti-emetics in migraine treatment?

    <p>They reduce nausea and aid gastric mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is classified as a THC product used for appetite stimulation?

    <p>Marinol (dronabinol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as a beta blocker used for managing headaches?

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of prophylactic treatment for gout?

    <p>To prevent future gout attacks by lowering uric acid levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT one of the FDA-approved treatments for fibromyalgia?

    <p>Probenecid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is effective in augmenting the inhibitory effects of GABA for headache management?

    <p>Amitriptyline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists in headache treatment?

    <p>To prevent inflammation and vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a glucocorticoid used to manage acute gout pain?

    <p>Prednisone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common alternative treatment for migraine prevention based on good data?

    <p>Magnesium citrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications inhibits uric acid formation in the body for prophylactic gout treatment?

    <p>Allopurinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prostaglandins regarding the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Protect the mucosal barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is at the highest risk for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) when using NSAIDs?

    <p>Patients over 65 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should aspirin (ASA) be avoided in children?

    <p>It can lead to Reye’s syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the effects of ASA when used concurrently with NSAIDs?

    <p>The clotting effects of ASA are reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Cox-1 from Cox-2 enzymes?

    <p>Cox-1 has roles in gastrointestinal protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential problem associated with the long-term use of topical NSAIDs?

    <p>Risks of gastrointestinal bleeding remain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is advised to avoid acetaminophen?

    <p>Individuals with liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen recommended for an adult?

    <p>4,000 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP)?

    <p>To track controlled substance prescriptions for patient safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a pain management agreement?

    <p>The patient has the right to choose any pharmacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can administering an opioid receptor partial agonist cause withdrawal symptoms in an opioid-addicted individual?

    <p>It may displace other opioids from the receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is known to prolong the QT interval?

    <p>Methadone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration for the safe storage of opioid medications?

    <p>They need to be stored in a locked place away from children and pets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might information from PDMPs assist healthcare providers?

    <p>By indicating if a patient is misusing medication through prescription patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence for a patient who does not follow the terms outlined in a pain management agreement?

    <p>Discontinuation of opioid medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of overdose awareness in patients using opioids?

    <p>Patients should be aware of the signs of overdose and have Narcan available if prescribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drug Scheduling and Refills

    • Drugs are scheduled based on their potential for abuse, misuse, and addiction.
    • Schedule I drugs have the highest abuse potential and no accepted medical use.
    • Schedule II drugs have a high potential for abuse and are used medically with strict restrictions on refills. Refills for Schedule II drugs must always be written, and in an emergency, a phoned-in RX within 72 hrs is acceptable (but a new written RX is needed).
    • Schedule III drugs have a moderate abuse potential and are used medically. Refills are allowed up to 5, but can be phoned in or faxed in, and the RX is valid for 6 months.
    • Schedule IV drugs have a low abuse potential and are used medically. Refills are allowed up to 5, but can be phoned in or faxed, and the RX is valid for 6 months.
    • Schedule V drugs have the lowest abuse potential and are used medically. Refills are allowed up to 5, but can be phoned in or faxed, and the RX is valid for 6 months.

    Types of Pain

    • Nociceptive Pain: This type of pain is due to damage to tissues. Examples include arthropathies, ischemic disorders, myalgias, skin and mucosal damage from burns, etc.
    • Neuropathic Pain: Nerve pain, often caused by damage or dysfunction of the nerves. Examples include conditions like neuropathies (alcoholism, diabetes), cancer-related pain, regional pain syndromes, HIV, multiple sclerosis, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and post-CVA pain.
    • Mixed or Undetermined Etiology Pain: A combination of factors, often chronic in nature, with no clear single cause. Examples include chronic recurrent headaches and vasculitis.

    Pain Management in Pregnancy and Lactation

    • First-line pain management during pregnancy and lactation should be non-pharmacological methods.
    • If pharmacological treatment is necessary, opioids should be used at the smallest dose for the shortest time period possible.
    • Opioid use carries increased risks in pregnancy, including neural tube defects, miscarriage, preterm birth, and stillbirth.
    • Opioid use during pregnancy can affect newborns requiring possible resuscitative measures.

    Acetaminophen

    • Maximum adult dose is 4,000mg per day.
    • Risk of toxicity increases for those with certain health conditions, and for those who ingest large amounts.
    • Combination products containing acetaminophen may not be understood by patients, leading to unintentional overdoses.
    • Educate patients on safe usage of this medication, including storage and dosages.

    ###Local Anesthetic Lidocaine

    • Vasovagal response (fainting, nausea, lightheadedness) can occur.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the scheduling of drugs based on their potential for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Learn about the different schedules from I through V, including their medical usage and regulations regarding refills. It's essential for those in healthcare to understand these classifications for safe prescribing practices.

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