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What does the branch of philosophy called phenomenology study?
The nature of being and consciousness.
Which of the following are perspectives from which drugs can be approached?
According to essentialism, the quality of 'drugness' is defined by intrinsic properties of substances.
True
From a constructionist perspective, what defines drugs?
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What is the difference between drug action and drug effect?
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Chronic effects of drugs refer to _____ effects.
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Give an example of a chronic effect of drug use.
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Acute effects of drugs refer to _____ effects.
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What is an example of an acute effect of alcohol?
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What does 'ED' stand for in the context of drug measurement?
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Study Notes
Essentialism
- Essentialism in the context of drugs is when substance's properties and effects are defined by their material or physical characteristics.
- These properties are thought to be inherent to the substance itself.
- Coffee is considered a drug based on its properties and effects on living organisms, including its chemical structure.
Constructionism
- Drugs are defined subjectively, based on how the public, law enforcement, media, and politicians regard them.
- The qualities of drugs are ascribed externally, rather than intrinsic to the substances.
Drug Action
- Drug action is the specific molecular level interaction of a drug with a receptor, like the binding of alcohol to receptor in the cerebellum.
Drug Effect
- Drug effect is the non-specific and variable outcome of drug action.
- It is influenced by factors like the individual's characteristics and social environment.
- Ataxia, or discoordination, is a common drug effect of alcohol consumption.
“Acute” Effect
- An acute effect is the short-term effect of a drug, occurring during or immediately after a single instance of use.
- Motor discoordination and getting high after smoking crack are examples of acute effects.
- A fatal overdose from heroin is an example of an acute effect.
“Chronic” Effects
- Long-term effects of drug use, occurring after continued use.
- Examples include cirrhosis of the liver from long-term alcohol use, lung cancer from smoking cigarettes, and brain damage from methamphetamine use.
Indirect Effects
- Effects not directly caused by the drug itself but by the circumstances of use.
- For example, using contaminated needles can lead to AIDS, even though heroin itself does not cause the disease.
ED/LD Ratio
- ED (Effective Dose) refers to the amount of drug required to produce a desired effect.
- LD (Lethal Dose) is the amount of drug that can cause death.
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Description
Explore the concepts of essentialism and constructionism as they relate to drugs and their effects. This quiz will test your understanding of drug action, effects, and the subjective nature of drug definitions. Gain insights into how individual and environmental factors influence drug impact.
