Drug Naming and Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which dosage form has the highest bioavailability?

  • Sublingual
  • Topical
  • Intravenous (IV) (correct)
  • Oral

What is a common contraindication for Black Cohosh?

  • Pregnancy (correct)
  • Arthritis
  • Gastrointestinal disorders
  • Hypertension

Which of the following is a potential effect of Ginkgo biloba?

  • Nausea
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Increased heart rate
  • Possible seizures (correct)

What is the primary mechanism of action for Cannabis?

<p>Activates cannabinoid receptors in the CNS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is associated with Kava?

<p>Dry, flakey skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is Garlic commonly used to treat?

<p>High blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential effect of taking Ginseng?

<p>Insomnia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Valerian is primarily indicated for which condition?

<p>Insomnia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an adverse effect linked to Echinacea?

<p>Fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which herb is contraindicated with blood thinners?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a trade name for a drug?

<p>It must be approved by the FDA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct format for writing a generic drug name?

<p>First letter lower case. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is primarily concerned with the condition being treated?

<p>Therapeutic Class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Phase 2 in clinical trials?

<p>To determine the effectiveness of the drug. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which schedule of controlled substances has the highest potential for abuse?

<p>Schedule 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes drugs classified as prescription (Rx)?

<p>Can treat complex conditions under medical supervision. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of pharmacokinetics?

<p>How medications travel through the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a chemical name of a drug?

<p>It is a long and complex descriptor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Trade Name

The name given to a drug by the company that develops it.

Generic Name

The official, non-proprietary name of a drug.

Chemical Name

A complex chemical description of a drug's molecular structure.

Therapeutic Class

Classifies medications based on what condition they treat.

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Pharmacologic Class

Classifies medications based on how they work in the body.

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Prescription Drug (Rx)

A drug that is available only with a prescription from a healthcare professional.

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Over-the-Counter Drug (OTC)

A drug that can be purchased without a prescription.

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Pharmacokinetics

The study of how the body handles a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

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Bioavailability

The amount of a drug that reaches the bloodstream after administration. It determines how much of the drug will exert its effects.

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Aloe

A natural substance found in Aloe vera plants, used topically for burns and skin conditions, and orally for constipation. It has anti-inflammatory and laxative effects.

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Black Cohosh

A plant extract used to manage menopausal symptoms, PMS, and other hormonal imbalances. It may act as an estrogen substitute, but its safety and effectiveness remain controversial.

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Kava

A plant-derived compound often associated with relaxation and sleep, believed to increase GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) levels. It may help with insomnia, anxiety, and muscle cramping.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids

A group of fatty acids found in fish oil, commonly used to improve cardiovascular health, brain function, and visual acuity. They have anti-inflammatory properties and may reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

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Saw Palmetto

A substance derived from the berries of the saw palmetto plant, often used to manage the symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). It's believed to reduce prostate enlargement.

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St. John's Wort

An herbal remedy used to treat mild depression and pain. It may increase serotonin levels in the brain, impacting mood and pain perception.

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Valerian

A natural substance found in the valerian root, used to promote sleep and relaxation. It may enhance GABA activity, helping to reduce anxiety and induce drowsiness.

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Garlic

A common herb with potential benefits for heart health, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure. It may increase HDL (good cholesterol), reduce LDL (bad cholesterol), and have blood-thinning effects.

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Ginger

A plant extract widely used for its potential to manage nausea and vomiting, particularly during pregnancy and motion sickness. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-nausea properties.

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Study Notes

Drug Naming

  • Trade Name (Brand Name): Created by drug companies; can have multiple names; easy to remember/pronounce; FDA-approved; first letter capitalized (e.g., Viagra, Tylenol, Advil, Lipitor)
  • Generic Name: Unique; one name per drug; first letter lowercase (e.g., sildenafil, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, atorvastatin)
  • Chemical Name: Long and complex; example: 2-[(2-oxo-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazolidin-5-yl)methylthio]-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid

Drug Classification

  • Therapeutic Class: Categorized by the condition the drug treats (e.g., antihypertensives for high blood pressure, antidepressants for depression)
  • Pharmacologic Class: Categorized by how the drug works (e.g., ACE inhibitors, SSRIs)

Drug Development and Approval

  • Laboratory Research: Initial research
  • Pre-Clinical Research: Studies in animals
  • Clinical Trials: Three phases:
    • Phase 1: Safety testing in humans
    • Phase 2: Effectiveness testing in humans
    • Phase 3: Testing in a large group of patients to assess variability and interactions with other drugs.
  • Government Review: FDA approval process
  • Post-Marketing Surveillance: Monitoring the drug's effects after release

Controlled Drug Schedules

  • Schedule 1: Illegal for non-research use; highest potential for abuse (e.g., Heroin, LSD, MDMA)
  • Schedule 2: Accepted medical use, high potential for abuse and dependence; highly restricted (e.g., Oxycodone, Morphine)
  • Schedule 3: Accepted medical use, moderate to low potential for dependence/abuse; prescription rewritten after 6 months or 5 refills (e.g., Buprenorphine, Anabolic steroids)
  • Schedule 4: Accepted medical use, low potential for abuse/dependence; prescription rewritten after 6 months or 5 refills (e.g., Diazepam, Lorazepam)
  • Prescription (Rx): Available only with a prescription; may require training to administer; often for complex conditions; potentially addictive and regulated; can become OTC.
  • Over-the-Counter (OTC): Available to the general public; no healthcare professional involved to assist; may be ineffective or harmful

Pharmacokinetics

  • Bioavailability: Amount of drug reaching the bloodstream after administration; intravenous (IV) administration typically has the highest bioavailability.

Herbal Supplements (Examples)

  • The provided table lists various herbal supplements, their uses, mechanisms of action, effects, and contraindications. Each has specific indications, mechanisms, effects, and potential contraindications.

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Description

Test your knowledge on drug naming conventions, classifications, and the drug development process. This quiz covers trade names, generic names, therapeutic and pharmacologic classes, as well as the stages of drug approval. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand pharmacology terminology!

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