Drug Metabolism and Xenobiotics
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Questions and Answers

Which type of enzymes are responsible for the enzymatic biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics?

  • Neurotransmitter enzymes
  • Hormone-regulating enzymes
  • Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (correct)
  • Immune system enzymes
  • What is the primary site of drug metabolism?

  • Plasma
  • Lung
  • Liver (correct)
  • Kidney
  • Which type of reactions are involved in Phase 1 biotransformations?

  • Dehydration, condensation, polymerization
  • Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis (correct)
  • Methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation
  • Decarboxylation, esterification, saponification
  • What is the term for the process where enzymes mask functional groups by adding new groups to xenobiotics?

    <p>Conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carriers actively remove hydrophilic metabolites from cells?

    <p>Efflux transporters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can genetic polymorphism affect drug metabolism?

    <p>By influencing enzyme activity levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factor can alter the kinetics of an enzyme and the pattern of metabolism?

    <p>Competition with environmental substances for metabolizing enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to bioactivation of metabolites from inactive parent drugs?

    <p>Glucuronidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of the liver and extrahepatic tissues to metabolize substances before reaching systemic blood levels?

    <p>First pass metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs, other than the liver, contain xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes?

    <p>Nervous tissue, kidney, lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

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