أسئلة السادسة فارما PPPM (قبل التعديل)

Which of the following medications is represented by the term '‫وديكسا‬'?

If a patient requires ciprofloxacin, which term would correctly identify the medication?

A pharmacist receives a prescription for '‫أويم‬'. Which medication should they dispense?

Which medication name is likely to be used to treat bacterial infections?

A doctor wants to prescribe a medication to reduce inflammation. Which of the following options should the doctor consider?

Which of the following best describes the interaction between phenytoin and cyclosporine A?

Erythromycin increases the risk of theophylline toxicity by which mechanism?

A patient taking theophylline develops arrhythmia after being prescribed erythromycin. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

A patient on cyclosporine A begins taking phenytoin. What adjustments might be necessary to maintain therapeutic cyclosporine A levels?

Which of the following drug-drug interactions could potentially lead to subtherapeutic medication levels?

In a clinical setting, why is it essential to understand the specific mechanism of action for drugs like chloramphenicol and macrolides?

A patient is prescribed a medication that inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. If the medication non-selectively binds to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes, what is the most likely consequence?

Which of the following statements best describes the primary difference in the mechanism of action between chloramphenicol and macrolides?

A new antibiotic is discovered that also targets the 50S ribosomal subunit. Initial studies show that it prevents the formation of the initiation complex. Which stage of protein synthesis is directly inhibited by this new antibiotic?

Suppose a bacterium develops resistance to both chloramphenicol and erythromycin (a macrolide). What is the most likely mechanism that could confer cross-resistance to these two drugs?

Which category of enzymes is primarily responsible for breaking down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids?

What class of enzymes is known for its broad substrate specificity and ability to hydrolyze a wide range of ester bonds?

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, in the nervous system?

Which enzyme plays a primary role in the degradation of the peptide hormone insulin?

A researcher is studying the metabolism of a novel peptide and identifies an enzyme that cleaves the peptide into smaller fragments. Based on the content, which type of enzyme is most likely involved in this process?

Predict the impact of administering Rifampin together with Ketoconazole, considering their potential interaction through hepatic enzyme systems?

A patient is prescribed Rifampin for tuberculosis. What advice should the healthcare provider give regarding potential interactions with other medications?

A patient taking ketoconazole reports decreased drug effectiveness after starting rifampin. What is the most likely reason for this?

If a patient requires both rifampin and ketoconazole, what strategy might a healthcare provider employ to mitigate potential drug interactions?

How does Rifampin's mechanism of action contribute to its potential for drug interactions?

Why is benzylpenicillin typically administered via injection rather than orally?

Why is insulin typically administered via injection rather than orally?

What is the primary reason L-dopa is often administered with carbidopa?

What is the most likely consequence of administering benzylpenicillin orally?

A patient taking L-dopa experiences nausea and vomiting. How does the understanding of L-dopa metabolism inform the strategies to manage these side effects?

Which term accurately defines the process of chemical alteration of drugs within the body?

In the context of pharmacology, what is the Arabic term '‫التكسري‬' most accurately translated to?

If a drug's structure is altered within the body, which pharmacological process is directly responsible for this change?

Considering the breakdown of a drug into its metabolites, which process is fundamentally involved?

Which concept is most closely associated with 'chemical alteration of drugs in the body'?

Which conjugation reaction is MOST likely to affect the metabolism of steroid hormones?

A patient exhibits significantly altered drug response due to a genetic defect affecting acetylation. Which drug's metabolism would be MOST affected?

A drug's half-life is significantly prolonged in patients with compromised hepatic function. Which conjugation reaction would MOST likely be impaired, leading to this prolonged half-life?

If a patient has a genetic deficiency in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), the metabolism of which substance would be MOST directly affected?

A researcher is investigating a new drug that undergoes extensive sulfation. Which enzyme would be MOST crucial to study to understand the drug's metabolism?

A drug is metabolized into an active metabolite. How does this impact the original drug's effects?

If a drug's metabolism results in an inactive metabolite, what is the expected consequence?

Codeine is metabolized into morphine. What is the pharmacological significance of this conversion?

A new drug is discovered that, upon metabolism, produces both an active and an inactive metabolite. What is the most complex consideration when determining appropriate dosing?

A patient with impaired liver function is prescribed a prodrug that is metabolized into an active compound. How should the prescribing physician adjust the dosage?

Which of the following conditions warrants the use of Lincosamides (‫)لينكو‬?

How do smoking (‫ )بيدخنو‬and alcohol (‫ )ويسكرو‬consumption primarily impact the effectiveness of many medications?

What is a significant pharmacological consideration when administering Isoniazid (‫)أيزو‬?

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for Azole antifungals?

A patient is prescribed both Isoniazid (‫)أيزو‬ and Rifampin for the treatment of tuberculosis. What is the primary concern regarding this drug combination?

A patient taking oral contraceptives is prescribed rifampin for tuberculosis. What is the most critical piece of information to convey regarding the interaction between these medications?

Why is the interaction between rifampin and estrogen-containing oral contraceptives clinically significant?

A patient on oral contraceptives requires antibiotic treatment. Which antibiotic is LEAST likely to interact with their contraceptive, based on the information provided?

A 28-year-old woman on oral contraceptives is diagnosed with latent tuberculosis and prescribed rifampin. Considering the drug interaction, which of the following management strategies would be the MOST appropriate?

A patient on combined oral contraceptives presents to the clinic with a new diagnosis of tuberculosis requiring rifampin. She expresses concern about contraceptive failure. Which course of action is MOST appropriate?

In cases where a drug undergoes partial first-pass metabolism, how should the oral dosage be adjusted compared to the intravenous dosage to achieve a similar therapeutic effect?

How does proteolytic degradation affect the bioavailability of peptide drugs like insulin when administered orally, and what implications does this have for drug delivery?

A novel peptide-based therapeutic is developed, showing promise in initial trials. However, oral administration results in negligible plasma concentrations. What is the MOST probable reason for this?

A patient is switched from intravenous propranolol to oral propranolol. Given that propranolol undergoes significant first-pass metabolism, what adjustment to the dosage should be expected to maintain a similar therapeutic effect?

A research team is formulating a new oral drug. To optimize its bioavailability, they need to consider the impact of first-pass metabolism. Which strategy would be MOST effective in minimizing the first-pass effect?