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Questions and Answers
Evaluation of drug involves only determining the quantity of active constituents in a crude drug.
Evaluation of drug involves only determining the quantity of active constituents in a crude drug.
False
Morphological/organoleptic evaluation of crude drugs includes analysis of taste and smell.
Morphological/organoleptic evaluation of crude drugs includes analysis of taste and smell.
True
One of the aims of drug evaluation is to detect any potential substitution and adulteration.
One of the aims of drug evaluation is to detect any potential substitution and adulteration.
True
Biological evaluation is one of the methods used for standardization of crude drugs.
Biological evaluation is one of the methods used for standardization of crude drugs.
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Storage plays no role in the potential deterioration of drugs according to the text.
Storage plays no role in the potential deterioration of drugs according to the text.
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Physical evaluation includes determining the moisture content of a drug at 100°C in the oven.
Physical evaluation includes determining the moisture content of a drug at 100°C in the oven.
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Optical rotation of a drug can be either dextrorotatory or levorotatory.
Optical rotation of a drug can be either dextrorotatory or levorotatory.
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Ash values in physical evaluation represent the organic salts found in the drug.
Ash values in physical evaluation represent the organic salts found in the drug.
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Volatile oil content is common in aromatic drugs like caraway and dill.
Volatile oil content is common in aromatic drugs like caraway and dill.
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Chemical evaluation mainly involves physical tests like refractive index and viscosity determination.
Chemical evaluation mainly involves physical tests like refractive index and viscosity determination.
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Study Notes
Evaluation of Crude Drugs
- Evaluation of drugs means confirmation and compliance of drug quality and purity.
- The aim of drug evaluation is to identify and determine the quality and purity of the crude drug and detect nature of adulteration.
Importance of Evaluation
- Biochemical variations in the drug may occur.
- Deterioration may happen due to storage.
- Substitution and adulteration may be present due to carelessness, ignorance, etc.
Methods of Evaluation
- Estimation of active constituents present in the crude drug.
- Morphological and microscopic analysis.
- Physical evaluation of crude drug.
- Biological behavior of crude drug extracts.
- Determination of pharmacological action.
Morphological / Organoleptic Evaluation
- Shape and size.
- Color.
- External markings (fractures, etc.).
- Internal color, odor, and taste.
- All organized drugs can be evaluated using this method (barks, underground structures, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, herbs).
- Sensory characters: color, texture, odor, and taste.
Physical Evaluation
- Moisture content (determined by heating at 105°C in an oven to constant weight).
- Viscosity of liquid (constant at a given temperature and an index of composition).
- Melting point (one of the parameters to judge purity of crude drugs).
- Solubility (the presence of adulterant in a drug could be indicated by solubility).
- Optical rotation (determined at 25°C using a sodium lamp as the source of light).
- Refractive index (ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum to its velocity in the substance).
- Ash values (ash represents inorganic salts, naturally occurring in a drug or adhering to it as a form of adulteration).
- Extractives (various solvents are used for determination of extractives).
Chemical Evaluation
- It consists of different chemical tests and chemical assays.
- The isolation, purification, and identification of active constituents are chemical methods of evaluation.
- Quantitative chemical tests like acid value, saponification value, sulphated ash, ester value, and acetyl value are useful in evaluation of resins, etc.
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Description
Learn about the process of evaluating drugs, which involves confirming and ensuring compliance with drug standards. Understand the importance of evaluating crude drugs to identify quality, purity, and potential adulteration. Discover the factors involved in drug evaluation such as biochemical variations, storage deterioration, and substitution/adulteration risks.
