Drug Discovery and Development

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good drug target?

High-throughput screening assays available (correct)
Involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease
Primarily expressed on tissues of interest
On-target adverse effects manageable

What is the approximate number of drug targets in the human genome?

3,000 (correct)
600-1,500
20,000-22,000
3,000-5,000

Which phase of clinical trials involves post-marketing surveillance?

Phase III
Phase IV (correct)
Phase I
Phase II

What does the term 'druggable genome' refer to?

The number of drug targets in the human genome (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of clinical trials involves testing the compound in humans to determine tolerability, effectiveness, and adverse effects?

Phase I (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of clinical trials is the drug tested on a larger group of healthy volunteers or a small group of diseased patients to assess its safety and effectiveness?

Phase II (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of clinical trials involves a large number of patients with the disease and aims to determine the effectiveness of the drug in the specific target population?

Phase III (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of clinical trials is the drug tested in the general population to evaluate its effectiveness and monitor safety and adverse effects?

Phase IV (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key step in drug discovery?

Clinical assessment of efficacy and safety (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the major differences between phenotype-based drug discovery and target-based drug discovery?

Phenotype-based drug discovery relies on information about the disease mechanism, while target-based drug discovery relies on lead compound identification. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to the feasibility of drug development?

Economic viability (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key step in drug discovery?

Target identification and validation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of clinical trials involves testing the compound in humans to determine tolerability, effectiveness, and adverse effects?

Phase I (C) Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to the feasibility of drug development?

Lower risk (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of target identification and validation in drug discovery?

To identify potential drug targets that are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of lead optimization in drug discovery?

To improve the drug-like properties of lead compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preclinical development in drug discovery?

To evaluate the safety and toxicity of lead compounds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of toxicity testing in drug development?

To evaluate the safety and toxicity of lead compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of clinical trials involves testing the compound in humans for the first time, typically in a small group of healthy volunteers?

Phase I (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Phase II clinical trials?

To determine the optimal dose and dosing frequency of the drug (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of Phase III clinical trials?

1-3 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Phase IV clinical trials?

To assess the safety and effectiveness of the drug in the general population (B) Signup and view all the answers

Target Identification and Validation

Focuses on identifying and validating potential drug targets that are involved in the disease process.

Lead Optimization

Involves refining the chemical structure of potential drug candidates to enhance their effectiveness, safety, and drug-like properties.

High Throughput Screening (HTS)

A large-scale effort to identify and validate promising drug targets. It involves screening libraries of compounds against a specific target to identify those that show potential therapeutic activity.