Drug-Assisted Psychotherapy Chapter Overview
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Questions and Answers

What term emphasizes the impairment of psychological function due to certain substances?

  • Psychodysleptic (correct)
  • Oneirogen
  • Hallucinogen
  • Entheogen

    • The term 'hallucinogen' primarily refers to substances that mimic psychosis.

    False

    What does the term 'entheogen' signify?

    God-manifesting

    The term __________ refers to substances that enhance one's emotional and perceptual states.

    <p>nonspecific amplifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their meanings:

    <p>Psilocybin = Substance inducing dreamlike states Oneirophrenica = Mimicking psychosis Hallucinogen = Enhancer of emotional states Entheogen = Substance used in spiritual contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is most dominant in the scientific field today?

    <p>Hallucinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'psychotomimetic' was introduced by Sandison in the 1960s.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one psychological effect of substances like MDMA and psilocybin.

    <p>Increased intensity of emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is often considered a misnomer in the hallucinogen research world?

    <p>Hallucinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hallucinogenic substances are known for causing profound hallucinations in users.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to an alleviation of anxiety for someone under the influence of psilocybin?

    <p>Opening the window shades to a sunlit forest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psilocybin is a type of __________ hallucinogen.

    <p>tryptamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of hallucinogens with their examples:

    <p>Tryptamines = Psilocybin Ergolines = Lysergic acid diethylamide Phenethylamines = Mescaline Classical hallucinogens = General category of hallucinogenic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following feelings may occur after experiencing psilocybin in a suitable environment?

    <p>Profound well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The terms 'hallucinogen' and 'psychedelic' are used interchangeably in this context.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary utility of using the term 'hallucinogen' in research?

    <p>Tradition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term was coined in 1924 to describe hallucinogenic substances?

    <p>Phantastica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effects of psilocybin include only psychological symptoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two typical somatic symptoms associated with psilocybin?

    <p>Dizziness and nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participants often describe the sensations from hallucinogens as __________.

    <p>weird</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with their descriptions:

    <p>Somatic Symptoms = Physical feelings like dizziness and nausea Perceptual Symptoms = Alterations in sensory perceptions Psychological Symptoms = Changes in mood and time perception Depersonalization = Feeling detached from oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological symptom can result from the use of psilocybin?

    <p>Distorted sense of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Feelings of anxiety and suspense are commonly reported during the onset of hallucinogens.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major challenge described regarding the use of hallucinogens?

    <p>Describing the effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common subjective effect of MDMA?

    <p>Elevated sense of well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All individuals will experience the same effects of MDMA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of acute effects of MDMA after consumption?

    <p>4-6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some users may experience an increase in __________ after consuming MDMA.

    <p>anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following studies with their findings regarding MDMA effects:

    <p>Liechti et al. (2001) = Increases in anxiety or no substantial decrease in anxiety Cami et al. (2000) = Sedation-like subjective effects in some participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is anecdotally used to describe the persistent effects of MDMA?

    <p>Afterglow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The persistent effects of MDMA are well understood and empirically verified.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors may influence the variability in effects experienced by users of MDMA?

    <p>Set and setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage reduction in baseline CAPS total severity score is defined as a clinical response in the study?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All participants assigned to the placebo control condition chose not to enroll in the open-label crossover arm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many out of the 12 participants demonstrated a reduction in severity score after MDMA treatment?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study involved an additional MDMA-assisted psychotherapy session for participants who had __________ in the previous clinical trial.

    <p>relapsed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>MDMA = A substance used in assisted psychotherapy CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale Placebo = An inactive substance used for comparison Crossover Arm = A design where participants switch treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response was evaluated after the psychological measures were reassessed?

    <p>Clinical response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Attention is often paid to the possibility of psychopathology being a condition to be treated with psychopharmacology.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary evaluation conducted after the MDMA treatment?

    <p>Psychological measures were assessed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of psychiatrists reported an increased ability to interact with others after using MDMA?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research suggests that therapists need prior experience with hallucinogens to be effective in therapy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurotransmission alterations are associated with the effects of hallucinogens?

    <p>Glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most subjective effects of psilocybin were attenuated by a drug that inactivates __________ receptors.

    <p>5-HT2A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following effects reported by psychiatrists after using MDMA with their respective percentages:

    <p>Increased ability to interact with others = 85% Decreased defensiveness = 80% Decreased fear = 65% Decreased aggression = 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is currently known about the evidence for dopaminergic receptors in relation to hallucinogen effects?

    <p>The evidence is weak and research is incomplete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The MAPS study approved for therapists includes them receiving MDMA as part of their training.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one subjective effect of MDMA based on the survey of psychiatrists.

    <p>Increased awareness of emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drug-Assisted Psychotherapy

    • Drug-assisted psychotherapy uses substances to enhance therapy, focusing on psychological and physiological effects.
    • This chapter focuses on psilocybin (magic mushrooms) and MDMA.
    • Psilocybin and MDMA produce altered psychological states, impacting thoughts, emotions, and perception.
    • "Set and Setting" are vital factors in drug-assisted therapy, referring to the individual's internal state and the environment.
    • Risks associated with MDMA/psilocybin use are discussed, potentially including cardiovascular issues, anxiety, and acute psychological effects.
    • MDMA is an empathogen/entactogen, emphasizing emotional and social effects.
    • MDMA use is often associated with increased well-being, elevated mood, euphoria, and closeness with others.
    • Psilocybin's subjective effects include anxiety, suspense, somatic symptoms (e.g., dizziness, nausea), perceptual symptoms (e.g., altered colors), and psychological symptoms (e.g., mood changes, distorted time).
    • Hallucinogens and psilocybin are not highly addictive or physically harmful, but have specific contraindications.
    • Research suggests that psilocybin and MDMA, used in therapy alongside other approaches, might help with PTSD and other related conditions.
    • The objective of using MDMA in therapy for PTSD is alleviation of symptoms like nightmares, distress, avoidance or arousal.
    • MDMA-assisted psychotherapy involves a combination of drug and psychotherapy, including techniques to aid with exposure, integration, and processing.

    Clinical Research

    • Multiple studies have been conducted to investigate MDMA and psilocybin for clinical application.
    • Studies usually involve controlled settings, small sample sizes but positive outcomes in patients with PTSD.
    • Clinical trials using MDMA are focused on its efficacy in treating chronic treatment-resistant PTSD.
    • The impact of set and setting is important and is highlighted as a variable in studies.
    • There has been research on the effects of the drug on the brain and behavior.
    • There is research on the use of hallucinogens in treating anxiety related to cancer.
    • Research on hallucinations shows that psychedelics decrease brain activity in areas associated with self-consciousness.
    • The safety and tolerability of psilocybin and MDMA is also highlighted.
    • Safety concerns were raised in relation to participants with pre-existing medical conditions and/or vulnerabilities.
    • MDMA and psilocybin are Schedule I controlled substances in the US, indicating a high potential for abuse, no accepted medical use, and questionable safety.

    Mechanisms of Action

    • The mechanisms of action (how they work) of MDMA/psilocybin are complex, involving various neurotransmitters, especially serotonin.

    Future Research

    • Research into drug-assisted therapy is ongoing.
    • Future research explores potential uses for MDMA/psilocybin in treating substance use disorders, anxiety, and other mental health conditions.
    • Future studies will investigate whether a combined approach is more effective than use of either MDMA or psilocybin by themselves or any other treatment.

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    Drug-Assisted Psychotherapy PDF

    Description

    This chapter explores the role of psilocybin and MDMA in drug-assisted psychotherapy, highlighting their psychological and physiological effects. It discusses the importance of 'Set and Setting', along with potential risks and benefits of these substances in therapeutic contexts. Gain insights into how these drugs alter perception, emotions, and social interactions.

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