Drug Approval and Controlled Substances

This type of name is assigned by the USAN Council and is used to identify a drug universally. For example, ibuprofen is the generic name for Advil.

This type of name shows the chemical makeup of a drug.

This name is used to identify a drug during the 17 years a company has exclusive rights to make, sell, and use it.

This category indicates that there's no known risk to the fetus during any stage of pregnancy.

This category indicates that the drug may be safe for use during pregnancy, but more research is needed.

This category indicates that there's a risk to the fetus based on animal studies, but the benefits of the drug in pregnant women may outweigh the risks.

This category indicates that there's a risk to the fetus based on human studies, but the benefits of the drug in pregnant women may outweigh the risks.

This category indicates that the drug has been shown to cause fetal abnormalities and the risks outweigh any possible benefits.

Liver damage caused by a drug. It can happen at both high and normal doses.

Kidney damage from medication. It can occur with high or regular doses.

A state of dangerously low blood sugar levels.

A state of dangerously high blood sugar levels.

A condition where the blood has low potassium levels.

A condition where the blood has high potassium levels.

Damage to vision from medication.

Damage to hearing from medication.

Minimum antibiotic concentration needed to stop the growth of microorganisms or achieve a therapeutic effect.

The route used to deliver medication to the body, like intravenous, intramuscular, oral, etc.

The length of time a treatment is given, ranging from days for acute infections to months for chronic conditions.

Treatment that involves using only one medication.

Treatment that involves using two or more medications together.

Frequent changes in medication may be harmful as the body needs time for drugs to be absorbed, reach their target, and produce effects.

Failure to treat infections effectively can be due to factors like poor medication choice, wrong dosage, inappropriate route, or too late a start.

Different types of microorganisms require specific antimicrobial agents for effective treatment, such as antibacterial for bacterial infections, antiviral for viral infections, etc.

A type of antibiotic that is well absorbed in the digestive system.

A type of antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections, and is given intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM).

A class of antibiotics that are used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal infections.

A type of fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is available in both oral and IV forms.

A type of fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections, and is taken once a day.

This can occur with the use of fluoroquinolones, especially in children, the elderly, and patients with previous tendon issues.

A type of antibiotic that is very effective against bacteria, meaning it can kill the bacteria directly.

A type of antibiotic that is effective against a wide variety of different types of bacteria.

This class of antibiotics has a specific chemical ending that helps to distinguish them from other antibiotics.

The process of breaking down and removing a substance from the body.

The assessment of a patient's pain and function before and after an intervention.

A method of pain management that uses devices to stimulate nerves, such as TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) and ultrasound.

A technique used to reduce spinal pain by applying traction to the spine.

A therapeutic exercise modality that uses heat to penetrate deep tissues and improve healing, typically using ultrasound equipment.

A therapeutic approach to pain management that involves exercise, stretching, and other physical activities to improve movement and reduce pain.

A holistic approach to pain management that includes various treatments, such as medication, physical therapy, and psychological interventions.

A method of pain management that uses various techniques to stimulate the skin to reduce pain, such as massage and TENS.

A review of the patient's pain diagnosis, comorbidities, and overall treatment plan to ensure optimal care.

Long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs) are medications used to treat asthma. They work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. However, LABAs should only be used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids for long-term asthma control.

Theophylline is a medication used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning that there is a small difference between the dose that is effective and the dose that causes side effects.

Ipratropium is an inhaled anticholinergic medication used to treat asthma and COPD. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes the muscles in the airways to contract, making it harder to breathe.

Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways, causing inflammation, swelling, and narrowing. This narrowing makes it harder for air to pass through, leading to symptoms like wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Short-acting inhaled beta2-agonists (SABAs) are medications used to quickly relieve asthma symptoms. They work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe.

Inhaled corticosteroids are medications used to reduce inflammation in the airways. They can be used long-term to prevent asthma symptoms, or short-term to treat flare-ups.

Cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer medication used to prevent asthma symptoms. It works by preventing the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals from mast cells.

Asthma severity is classified into four categories: intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, and severe persistent. This classification helps healthcare providers decide the best treatment approach for individual patients.