Drug Applications: Definitions, Classifications & Admin

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Questions and Answers

A medication administered via the intranasal route delivers the drug through which of the following?

  • Conjunctival sac
  • Epidermis
  • Auditory canal
  • Nasal mucosa (correct)

Which factor primarily influences the selection of a specific syringe and needle size for parenteral drug administration?

  • Drug color
  • Patient's age
  • Medication cost
  • Application route (correct)

Which of the following practices aligns with the 'Right Documentation' principle of medication administration?

  • Omitting documentation if the patient is stable
  • Signing for medication administration after another nurse
  • Recording the medication details immediately after administering it (correct)
  • Documenting the medication administration before administering

Which action should the healthcare provider perform immediately when a patient experiences a severe allergic reaction during IV drug administration?

<p>Stop the infusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention helps minimize the risk of extravasation during IV therapy?

<p>Frequent monitoring of the IV site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient prescribed an inhaled bronchodilator and inhaled corticosteroid should be educated to perform which action after each use?

<p>Rinse their mouth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate method to confirm placement of a nasogastric tube before administering medication?

<p>Checking the pH of the aspirate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a medication error occurs, what is the nurse's first action?

<p>Assessing the patient's condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct angle of insertion for intradermal injections?

<p>15 degrees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before administering a medication, what action should the healthcare provider take to ensure patient safety regarding allergies?

<p>Review the patient's chart and ask the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of dysphagia requires an oral medication. Which is the safest method of administration?

<p>Administering the medication with thickened liquids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed a medication that must be taken on an empty stomach. When should the healthcare provider instruct the patient to take the medication?

<p>At least 30 minutes before eating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the correct procedure for administering ear drops to an adult?

<p>Pulling the auricle upward and outward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using the Z-track method when administering an intramuscular injection?

<p>To prevent medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a multi-dose vial be discarded after the initial use?

<p>Any of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When receiving a verbal order from a physician, which step is most important for the nurse to take to ensure the order is correct?

<p>Repeating the order back to the physician for confirmation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most important to consider when choosing a site for an intramuscular injection?

<p>Proximity to major blood vessels and nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If phlebitis is noted at the IV site, what should the healthcare provider exclude from their plan of action?

<p>Continue the infusion at a slower rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should the healthcare provider take if the patient reports pain during the infusion of an IV medication?

<p>Stop the infusion and assess the site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lab result should the healthcare provider review before administering digoxin to a patient?

<p>Potassium level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement defines a drug’s systemic effect?

<p>Having effects throughout the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is due for multiple ophthalmic medications at the same time. What action ensures effectiveness?

<p>Waiting at least 5 minutes between eye drops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which administration route can the drug action begin most quickly?

<p>Intravenous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a physician order IV fluids with electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium and magnesium?

<p>To manage or correct electrolyte imbalances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering a rectal suppository, the nurse should position the patient in which position?

<p>Sim's position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'air lock' technique in subcutaneous injections?

<p>Ensuring complete delivery of the medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor necessitates caution when blood transfusions are administered to elderly patients?

<p>Underlying diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient receiving a blood transfusion suddenly develops urticaria and itching. What is the most appropriate first action?

<p>Stop the transfusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within intermuscular injection, which group is better to inject using the rectus femoris muscle?

<p>0 to 7 children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding would require stopping administration of intravenously transfused blood?

<p>Infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding documentation after giving intramuscular injections?

<p>Wait before medication is administered (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor indicates the skin be cleaned before the healthcare provider insert a medicine?

<p>To remove any microorganisms or dirt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a medication is required to be taken in empty stomach, advise to the patient to take medicine when?

<p>At least 30 minutes before meal or 2 hours after meal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before giving two eye drops what should be done?

<p>Wait at least five minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you accidentally give medicine through the wrong route what should be done first, without doubt?

<p>Assess the patient for any safety reasons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should one do for safe transition as a medical staff for drugs?

<p>All the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient says they have allergies during drug administration, it means what principle should we follow?

<p>The right to refuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For insulin needle, if the medicine can’t be seen coming into the syringe what should be the resolution?

<p>There might be some air inside so we need to take it out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If blood comes into syringe after being added and before injecting, should something be done?

<p>Change needle, drug from start again (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For long lasting drugs, or high risk giving what should be chosen for method to give?

<p>Z track (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition should IV way be preferred?

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a patient whose blood vessel burst, what should be applied?

<p>Cool pack alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When all blood transfusion process is finished what time should it be observed?

<p>4 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One has to give someone an injection but he is too nervous what can you do?

<p>Reassure, talk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If injection is put, and in the skin swelling is starting what can it be?

<p>Extravasation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of drugs?

<p>To chemically change the body to diagnose, cure, or prevent disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient needs a medication that requires quick action. What drug form will the healthcare provider choose?

<p>Liquid dosage form. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important consideration when storing oily or diluted medications?

<p>Storing them in the refrigerator and within their expiration date. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for medicine storage that have similar effects?

<p>Storing them together in a cabinet for easy access. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a red label on a medication container?

<p>It warns that the medication is a poisonous substance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most critical to ascertain for safe transition during medication administration from one medical staff to another?

<p>The medications the patient uses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare provider receives a verbal order for a drug during an emergency for a patient. What actions should be taken?

<p>Ensure the order is written in the patient's chart as soon as the emergency subsides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare provider has doubts of the correctness medicine order. What action should the health care provider take?

<p>Request a physician. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which 'rights' should the Healthcare provider ask the patient of any known allergies?

<p>Right client education. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to verify the 'Right Client' is provided with medication?

<p>Checking the patient’s bracelet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing medication. At which of the following times should the nurse perform a triple medication check?

<p>When retrieving the medication, when preparing the medication, and before administering the medication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare provider made a mistake while preparing. What is the next action to take?

<p>Discard the medication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element to ensuring safety, with administering medications within 30 minutes of their scheduled time?

<p>Specified period of time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most reliable method of providing the 'Right Documentation'?

<p>Write the administration after the medication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action must be taken for a patient who refuses to take their prescribed medications?

<p>Notify a provider. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a priority step of basic principles during the application of drugs?

<p>Hands should be washed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When preparing to administer medication, what environment is needed?

<p>High light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What time must injectable, controlled medications, remain able to use?

<p>24 hours. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administering drugs allows it to enter the bloodstream directly, bypassing the digestive system?

<p>Parenteral. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If administering a drug epidermally, what has to happen?

<p>Should be dry when applied. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For ophthalmic medication, how should the medication be applied starting with what type first?

<p>Drop first the pomade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are, vaginal ovules are put?

<p>Palm after being given. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is ear drops used in children?

<p>Pull down and back. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

System applications are applied where?

<p>Oral, Sublingual and Buccal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is done for Sublingual drug application?

<p>Stay under. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are rectal administration applied?

<p>With privacy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does transdermal application do?

<p>Should be noted on the drug. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two different drugs for inhalation should:

<p>Not to be together. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sub cutan

<p>Not need aspiration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is it not appropriate to perform injections to?

<p>Dorsagluteal area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must one know for intramuscular injections?

<p>Aspiration done. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the nature of IV administrations?

<p>A quick effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For what, do they usually ask to put isotonic or sterilizationed?

<p>For adult only. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When to avoid medicines overall?

<p>When the patient is in coma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most reliable action to do intravenous injection?

<p>Apply the IV catheter parallel with 30 degrees to the skin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before the process to use the sharp the skin has to be what?

<p>Cotton alcohol with skin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After finding that some blood is inside syringe should is what?

<p>Begin syringe in the middle with the right process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an allergic happens during infusion of drug what should be done?

<p>Close it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If it occurs is known, what should happen?

<p>The fluid treatment plan is regulated by the physician and ordered. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A drug is described as having a 'systemic effect'. What does this indicate about the drug's action?

<p>It is distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consideration should guide the healthcare provider when administering ophthalmic medications with multiple ordered medications at the same time?

<p>Administer the medications at least 5 minutes apart to prevent dilution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration would typically result in the most rapid onset of action?

<p>Intravenous (IV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a healthcare provider administer intravenous (IV) fluids containing electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, magnesium)?

<p>To correct or prevent electrolyte imbalances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering a rectal suppository, what is the most appropriate positioning for an adult patient?

<p>Sim's position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of employing the 'air lock' technique when administering subcutaneous injections?

<p>To ensure all medication is delivered and prevent tracking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when administering blood transfusions to elderly patients?

<p>Elderly patients are at an increased risk for fluid overload. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient receiving a blood transfusion suddenly develops urticaria (hives) and itching. What is the priority nursing action?

<p>Stop the the infusion immediately, without doubt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is better to inject using the rectus femoris muscle?

<p>Children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment would require stopping the administration of an intravenously transfused blood product?

<p>An elevated temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following an intramuscular injection, what documentation is most accurate and complete?

<p>Date, time, drug name, dose, route, and site of injection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition indicates cleaning the skin before medicine insertion?

<p>The area has inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a medication is required to be taken on an empty stomach, when advised to the patient to take medicine?

<p>Few hours before the launch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the nurse conduct a triple check during medication preparation?

<p>3 different areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should the healthcare provider take as a priority when there is mistake during giving drugs?

<p>Report to administration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a shift change, what information should the off-going nurse communicate to the oncoming nurse to ensure drug safety?

<p>Any adverse reactions and recent drugs used for the client should be expressed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of enquiring about allergies before administering a drug?

<p>Right assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During usage a needle for insulin, if the medicine can’t be seen coming into the syringe what should be the resolution?

<p>Change the needle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin should be applied epidermally?

<p>Skin without hair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are drugs?

Substances that change the functions of the body when taken by a living organism.

What are 4 main drug sources?

Animal, vegetable, mineral, and synthetic.

What are the dosage forms?

Solid, liquid, semi-solid, and gaseous.

Factors affecting drug activity?

Growth period, weight, gender, genetics, psychological factors, illnesses, environment, and individual differences.

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What is Synergism?

shows more efficacy when two or more drugs are used together.

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What is Additional drug interaction?

Increase in drug effect when combined.

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What is Potentialization?

Combined effect is greater than the sum of individual effects.

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What is Antagonism drug interaction?

One drug reduces the effect of another

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What are the 4 basic drug metabolism stages?

Absorption, transport, change, and excretion.

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What are drug storage conditions?

Kept locked, stored in a clean, closed, dry, and cool place.

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What is a medicine cabinet?

The medicine cabinet should be big enough to hold all medications.

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What should the medicine cabinet be?

Should be large enough to hold all patient medications.

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Physician Medication Order?

Except in emergencies, must be documented in writing.

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10 Rights of Medication Administration?

Right patient, medication, dosage, route, time, documentation, client education, refuse, assessment, and evaluation.

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How do you ensure right patient?

Always check patient’s identification bracelet.

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When should medication labels be checked?

When retrieving, preparing, and administering.

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Why preparation environment be bright?

The drug preparation environment should be bright.

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What checks before administering?

Patient ID should be checked.

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How to handle narcotic drugs?

They should be counted at each shift change.

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Local drug administration sites?

Epidermal, conjunctival sac, intranasal, intravaginal, and external ear canal.

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Systemic drug administration sites?

Enteral, parenteral, inhalation, and transdermal.

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Enteral Application?

Applying the drug to the digestive tract.

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What is Enteral?

For oral medications.

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Sublingual and Buccal?

The drug should not be chewed or swallowed.

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Rectal?

Should be given Sim's position.

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Transdermal patch (TTS)?

Adhering drug patch to the skin. Absorbed directly into bloodstream.

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Inhalation is?

Delivering the drug directly to the target organ.

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Intramuscular injection sites?

Deltoid, ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris muscle.

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What is Intramuscular

90-degree angle

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What is Subcutaneous?

Under the skin

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What is Intravenous Injection?

Allergic to them.

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IV treatment complications?

Air embolism, allergic reactions, and circulatory overload.

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With what you administer

Isotonic steril water

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What is taking blood

From veins, arteries or capillaries

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What to check in transfer

Blood product in compatibilty.

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Study Notes

Drug Applications - Study Notes

  • The aim of drug applications is to make sure one can fulfill all necessary drug practice administrations
  • Objectives include understanding drug definitions, classifications, effects on the body, request/supply/storage procedures, ways of administering, and practicing.
  • Contents involve description, classification, modes of action, factors affecting patients, supply/storage, physicians orders, administration ways and then drug applications (enteral and parenteral)

What are Drugs?

  • Drugs come from animal, vegetable, mineral, and synthetic sources.
  • Drugs' chemical changes are for diagnosis, cure, or disease prevention.
  • Drugs change the body's functions when taken.
  • Medicines have different forms and special contents.
  • Drug administration is a core function that involves technical skills
  • Medication knowledge and skills are required

Drug Classifications

  • Drugs are classified into solid, liquid, gaseous and semi-solid
  • Examples of solid medicines are tablets and capsules
  • Examples of liquid medicines are suspensions and emulsions
  • Examples of gaseous medicines are aerosols and inhalations
  • Examples of semi-solid medicines are creams and suppositories

Factors Affecting Drug Activity

  • Newborns and the elderly need different doses than adults
  • Drug activity will vary depending on;
    • Weight
    • Gender
    • Genetic and cultural factors
    • Psychological factors
    • Illnesses
    • Environment
    • Treatment time
    • Adverse drug effects
    • Individual differences

Drug Interactions

  • Synergism shows more efficacy when two or more drugs are used together (e.g., tuberculosis treatment)
  • Additional interaction increases the effect of drugs on the body by taking simultaneous effective drugs
  • Potentialization The effect of two drugs is more than using them separately
  • Antagonism reduces a drug's effect with another drug (e.g., naloxone reducing narcotics)

Drug Metabolism

  • Drug metabolism in the body involves the following stages;
    • Absorption
    • Transport or distribution
    • Change or disintegration
    • Excretion or elimination

Drug Supply and Storage

  • Keep drugs locked in the same, clean, closed dry and cool room.
  • Tightly close bottles to prevent them evaporating and becoming moist.
  • Oily or diluted medicines should be refrigerated within the expiration date.
  • Keep vaccines and serums in the refrigerator.
  • Expired or changed medicines should never be used
  • Artificial lighting should be installed where medicine cabinets are
  • Keep emergency medications in a separate compartment.
  • Medications with the same effect should be kept together.
  • Medicine cabinets should be large enough for all patients
  • Narcotics must be in is a double-locked cabinet and given with a signature.
  • A red label should be placed on poisonous drugs.

Physician Medication Orders

  • For safe drug administration, physician medication orders must be written
  • Drug administration without written orders is prohibited, except in emergencies
  • Physician medication orders can be
    • Regular requests
    • Requests when necessary
    • Urgent requests (single dose)
  • Physician medication order parts:
    • Patient's name
    • Date and time
    • The drug to administer
    • Dose
    • Route
    • Frequency
    • Doctor's signature
  • Doctor's orders are checked by health care professionals
  • Morning hours are adjusted and moved to their system of record
  • For any doubt, consult a physician.

10 Rights of Drug Administration

  • Separate named patients
  • Rights are;
    • Right Patient
    • Right Medication
    • Right Dosage
    • Right Route
    • Right Time
    • Right Documentation
    • Right Client Education
    • Right to Refuse
    • Right Assessment
    • Right Evaluation

Right Patient Tips

  • Check the identification bracelet
  • Ask patients to state their name and date of birth
  • Ensure that it matches the medication order, identification bracelet, and stated name.
  • Verify allergies with chart and with the patient

Right Medication Tips

  • Perform a triple check of the medication's label
  • Check when retrieving, preparing, and before giving
  • Always check the label with the physician's orders.
  • Administer only prepared and labelled medication

Right Dosage Tips

  • Check the medication concentration on the label.
  • Compare prepared dosage with the order.
  • Triple-check all calculations and with another nurse.
  • Verify the appropriate range for medication and patient

Right Time Tips

  • Date, time, and period should all be verified
  • Verify the medication given has to be given that day
  • Administer medications within scheduling minutes

Right Route Tips

  • Verify route of administration with all routes
  • Meds can only be given in the right ways

Right Documentation Tips

  • Never document before administering medication.
  • Document
    • Medication
    • Dosage
    • Route
    • Date and time
    • Signature & credentials
    • Signature of nurse checking medication

Right Client Education Tips

  • Right client eduction involves the patient for meds.
  • Advise;
    • The med to inject
    • the med to expect
    • side effects of the edication.
  • For patient allergies, aks about known allergies for med

Right to Refuse Tips

  • The patient or any responsible part can refuse Right party must give notice.

Right Assesment Tips

  • Safety and the correct dose needed
  • Document any notifications given

Right Evaluation Tips

  • Note effects.
  • Rate the post reaction.
  • Record

Best known drug application

  • Ten rights needed
  • Wear the right equipment
  • Be informed

General Drug Applications

  • The location should be prepped
  • The dose should equal the patients
  • Check the patients charts
  • Note the effect are the drugs

Supply and Storage Drug Tips

  • Have what one needs
  • Use caution
  • Be ware of allergic or other conditions

Accurate Drugs

  • Check the strip label
  • Pour slowly
  • Make sure its labeled

Narcotic Drug Supply and Storage

  • Kept locked
  • Counted at every shift
  • Wasted and signed correctly
  • Syringe and needle to prep or waist

Drug Absorption Rate

  • Intracardiac - 15 seconds
  • Intravenous - 30-60 seconds
  • Inhalation - 3 minutes
  • Endotracheal - 3 minutes
  • Sublingual - 3-5 minutes
  • Intramuscular - 10-20 minutes
  • Subcutan - 15-30 dk
  • Rectal - 5-30 minutes
  • Intradermal - 15-30 minutes
  • Oral - 30-90 minutes
  • Dermal - can change

measurements

  • 1cc=1mL=10dizy=100unit=20drops
  • 4-5 ML for dessert spoon
  • glass water for 250
  • tea glad for 100ml

  • Have a local system for checks
  • Have it labeled
  • Check if allergic

Administration effects

  • Depending on location and the administration
  • Dose depending on the patient
  • Route of admin

Application sites

  • The application site should be free from allergies
  • Know the signs and symptoms

Systemic admins

  • Tablet pill forms
  • Liquid for msolution
  • Diluted or emulsion
  • Gaseoues - inhalant

Sub Epidermal

  • Location
  • Know the signs and symptoms

Eye Use

  • Have the inner cleaned
  • Dont tonh the eye
  • Can cause side effects

Intranaesal

  • 45 angel
  • Dose must fit

Intravaginal use

  • Know signs
  • Privacy is big

Ear drops

  • Children pull down and back
  • Kids pull up and back
  • warm

App Locations

  • Must be applied to all parts in the body

Enteral applications:

  • Applying dug to digestive tract
  • Oral common
  • To use tabs or caps

Med Prep admin

  • Watch are
  • Check charts

Sub Application:

  • Under
  • 1mlmax for side effects

SC injects in any area:

  • Check parts or areas

IV Injection:

  • The air in the syringe to be completely removed.
  • The sterility and integrity of the IV must be clear

Complications:

  • It may cause allergic reactions.
  • Follow the medical professional.

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