Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which route of drug administration is most likely to result in a rapid onset of action?
Which route of drug administration is most likely to result in a rapid onset of action?
What is a limitation of oral drug administration related to its metabolism?
What is a limitation of oral drug administration related to its metabolism?
Which route of administration is most likely to be preferred for localized treatment of a skin condition while reducing systemic effects?
Which route of administration is most likely to be preferred for localized treatment of a skin condition while reducing systemic effects?
Which administration route is commonly preferred for long-acting medications such as depot injections?
Which administration route is commonly preferred for long-acting medications such as depot injections?
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Variability in drug absorption is a significant disadvantage for which route of administration?
Variability in drug absorption is a significant disadvantage for which route of administration?
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What is a primary advantage of administering a drug rectally?
What is a primary advantage of administering a drug rectally?
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Which of the following factors directly impacts the absorption of a drug?
Which of the following factors directly impacts the absorption of a drug?
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How does the process of drug metabolism primarily affect drug activity?
How does the process of drug metabolism primarily affect drug activity?
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What is a critical aspect of determining the correct drug dosage?
What is a critical aspect of determining the correct drug dosage?
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Why are drug administration errors considered a significant concern?
Why are drug administration errors considered a significant concern?
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Study Notes
Drug Administration Routes
- Drugs are administered via various routes, affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
- Routes influence drug effect onset, intensity, and duration.
- Route selection depends on drug properties (e.g., solubility, stability), patient condition, and desired therapeutic effect.
Oral Administration
- Drugs are taken orally, absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.
- Advantages: ease, convenience, low cost.
- Disadvantages: variable absorption, first-pass metabolism, delayed onset.
- Factors affecting oral absorption include gastric emptying, intestinal motility, and drug-food interactions.
Intravenous Administration
- Drugs are injected directly into a vein.
- Advantages: rapid onset, precise control, suitable for large volumes.
- Disadvantages: risk of adverse effects (thrombosis, infections), extravasation risk.
- Requires trained personnel.
Intramuscular Administration
- Drugs are injected into muscle tissue.
- Advantages: slower, more prolonged absorption than IV, suitable for depot medications.
- Disadvantages: potential pain, discomfort, absorption variability depending on blood flow.
Subcutaneous Administration
- Drugs are injected beneath the skin.
- Advantages: slow, controlled absorption, suitable for prolonged or depot effects.
- Disadvantages: potential irritation, variable absorption.
- Commonly used for insulin delivery.
Topical Administration
- Drugs applied to skin or mucous membranes.
- Advantages: localized action, reduced systemic effects.
- Disadvantages: potential skin irritation, variable absorption.
- Used for treating localized infections, inflammation, skin conditions.
Inhalation Administration
- Drugs inhaled as gases or aerosols, reaching lungs rapidly.
- Advantages: rapid delivery to lungs, localized respiratory effects.
- Disadvantages: potential irritation, variability in deposition, specialized devices needed.
- Commonly used for bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids.
Rectal Administration
- Drugs administered rectally.
- Advantages: bypasses first-pass effect, suitable for unconscious or vomiting patients.
- Disadvantages: variable absorption, potential rectal irritation.
- Used for medications needing systemic effects.
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
- Drug solubility (lipid and water solubility).
- Drug formulation (e.g., tablet, capsule, solution).
- Patient factors (age, health, diet).
- Site of administration.
- Blood flow to the absorption site.
Drug Distribution
- Absorbed drugs are distributed throughout the body.
- Distribution relies on blood flow, capillary permeability, and drug binding to plasma proteins.
- Drugs can concentrate in specific tissues/organs based on affinity.
Drug Metabolism
- Drugs undergo biotransformation in the liver and other organs.
- Metabolism aims to reduce drug concentration or change form for excretion.
- Metabolution can alter drug activity, causing side effects.
Drug Excretion
- Drugs and metabolites are eliminated from the body.
- Kidneys are the main excretion route; others include liver (bile), lungs, sweat glands.
- Excretion rate influences drug duration and intensity.
Dosage Considerations
- Correct dosage is vital for desired effect, minimizing adverse effects.
- Patient weight, age, organ function influence dosage determination.
- Dosage forms (e.g., tablets, capsules, liquids) affect absorption rate/extent.
Drug Administration Errors
- Proper techniques, precautions crucial for correct administration.
- Errors in route, dose, or timing cause adverse effects (toxicity, treatment failure).
- Monitoring drug levels and patient responses is critical.
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Description
This quiz covers the major routes of drug administration, focusing on oral and intravenous methods. It delves into the advantages and disadvantages of each route, along with factors influencing drug absorption and effects on the body. Understand the implications of these routes on medication outcomes.
