Drug Addiction and Obesity Quiz

Nicotine exposure during adolescence, but not adulthood, can lead to significant changes in nicotine receptors and an increased likelihood of nicotine dependence later in life.

Exposure to drugs during fetal development can make an individual more susceptible to drug use later in life.

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of nicotine dependence in the offspring.

Nicotine receptors are affected by adolescent nicotine exposure, increasing the likelihood of dependence later in life.

The reinforcement value of nicotine refers to its ability to increase the likelihood of seeking it out and using it again.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. It plays a role in the reinforcing effects of drugs like nicotine.

The nucleus accumbens is a brain region involved in pleasure and reward. It is affected by dopamine levels.

Potency of a drug refers to its strength in producing an effect. Nicotine's reinforcing effect is measured by its ability to increase dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.

The strength of a drug's effect depends on how it's administered, impacting how quickly it reaches the brain and its reinforcing power.

Easy access and lower prices of drugs like cocaine and heroin contribute to increased addiction rates.

The quality of something that makes you want it again and again, like a delicious food or a satisfying drug.

The stress hormone CRF plays a key role in addiction and how our bodies respond to stress.

Early exposure to certain diets, especially in fetal development, can influence food preferences later in life.

Experiences during fetal development, especially with food and stress, can have lasting effects on our health and behavior.

The dramatic increase in childhood obesity highlights the need to study how early life experiences interact with the environment to influence health.

Exposure to certain diets during fetal development and the early postnatal period can influence an individual's food preferences later in life.

µ opioid receptors are located in the nucleus accumbens on GABAergic neurons, which receive signals from the mesolimbic dopamine system.

The mesolimbic dopamine system is a key pathway in the brain responsible for reward and motivation.

Injections of µ opioids into the nucleus accumbens and other areas are rewarding on their own and also enhance feeding behavior.

Chronic and intermittent exposure to drugs can lead to long-term changes in the brain's dopamine system.

Neurobiological adaptations in the brain's dopamine system due to drug use contribute to the increasing desire for the drug in addiction.

There are similarities between the brain circuitry involved in regulating body weight and the circuitry hijacked by drugs of abuse.

As scientists understand more about addiction and feeding, they are discovering overlapping mechanisms in the brain.

The brain's response to drug use can be compared to the body's response to food deprivation, as both involve changes in reward and motivation pathways.

A family of peptides and receptors involved in regulating energy balance, motivation, and stress response.

A class of drugs that are believed to be effective in treating both addiction and obesity.

A psychological approach that helps people change their thoughts and behaviors related to substance use and unhealthy eating.

Support groups that provide a sense of community and shared experience for individuals struggling with addiction.

The process of returning to drug use after a period of abstinence.

The ability of a drug to reinforce its own use by creating pleasurable effects, leading to cravings and dependence.

A neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward, playing a key role in the addictive properties of substances.

The process by which the brain changes in response to repeated exposure to a substance or behavior, often leading to addiction or compulsive behaviors.

The ability of a substance or behavior to induce motivation and drive to seek and consume it again.

The process by which the body learns to associate specific cues or situations with the rewarding effects of a substance or behavior, triggering cravings and relapse.

The tendency to return to a substance or behavior even after periods of abstinence or successful reduction, often triggered by stress or other environmental factors.

A period in development when an individual is particularly vulnerable to developing addiction or other behavioral disorders.

The use of medications to target specific mechanisms in the brain that contribute to addiction, aiming to reduce cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse.

The idea that the same core brain mechanisms are involved in various behavioral addictions, such as substance abuse and overeating.

The idea that excessive intake of a substance or behavior can lead to neuroadaptations that make the behavior more compulsive and difficult to control.

The tendency for a substance, like nicotine, to increase the likelihood of seeking it out and using it again.

Exposure to a drug, like nicotine during developmental stages (adolescence) can have long-lasting effects on brain receptors, potentially leading to increased susceptibility to addiction later in life.

The brain's adaptation to prolonged nicotine exposure, creating a need to constantly maintain nicotine levels to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

A state of experiencing unpleasant symptoms when nicotine levels drop, motivating the individual to smoke again.