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Questions and Answers
All routes of administration significantly affect drug absorption, excluding intravenous injection.
All routes of administration significantly affect drug absorption, excluding intravenous injection.
True
The pH of gastrointestinal fluids can influence the absorption of drugs.
The pH of gastrointestinal fluids can influence the absorption of drugs.
True
Surface area of GI absorption sites is not a biological factor affecting drug absorption.
Surface area of GI absorption sites is not a biological factor affecting drug absorption.
False
Pharmaceutical factors have no role in drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Pharmaceutical factors have no role in drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
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Physicochemical factors do not include the properties of the drug's chemical structure.
Physicochemical factors do not include the properties of the drug's chemical structure.
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The pH level of digestive fluids is generally acidic.
The pH level of digestive fluids is generally acidic.
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Gastrointestinal motility refers to the process of food being absorbed into the bloodstream.
Gastrointestinal motility refers to the process of food being absorbed into the bloodstream.
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Dietary choices have no impact on gastrointestinal health.
Dietary choices have no impact on gastrointestinal health.
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The hepatic metabolism includes processes such as the first pass effect.
The hepatic metabolism includes processes such as the first pass effect.
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Increased gastrointestinal motility can slow down the digestion process.
Increased gastrointestinal motility can slow down the digestion process.
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The drug dissociation constant is not a physiochemical factor influencing drug absorption.
The drug dissociation constant is not a physiochemical factor influencing drug absorption.
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Lipid solubility can impact the absorption of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract.
Lipid solubility can impact the absorption of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract.
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The dissolution rate of drugs has no relevance to their efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders.
The dissolution rate of drugs has no relevance to their efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders.
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Drug stability and degradation conditions in the GIT are considered pharmaceutical factors.
Drug stability and degradation conditions in the GIT are considered pharmaceutical factors.
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Types of dosage forms are categorized under pharmaceutical factors.
Types of dosage forms are categorized under pharmaceutical factors.
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Patients with kidney dysfunction often have a decreased ability to eliminate drugs that are hydrophilic.
Patients with kidney dysfunction often have a decreased ability to eliminate drugs that are hydrophilic.
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Biliary excretion refers to the elimination of substances through the lungs.
Biliary excretion refers to the elimination of substances through the lungs.
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The lungs are involved in pulmonary excretion of certain substances.
The lungs are involved in pulmonary excretion of certain substances.
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Milk is a route for mammary excretion of drugs and other substances.
Milk is a route for mammary excretion of drugs and other substances.
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Salivary excretion does not play a role in the elimination of drugs from the body.
Salivary excretion does not play a role in the elimination of drugs from the body.
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Renal excretion refers to the elimination of drug molecules from the bloodstream into the body.
Renal excretion refers to the elimination of drug molecules from the bloodstream into the body.
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Hydrophilic drugs are more likely to be excreted by the kidney than hydrophobic drugs.
Hydrophilic drugs are more likely to be excreted by the kidney than hydrophobic drugs.
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The kidney is considered the least important organ for drug excretion.
The kidney is considered the least important organ for drug excretion.
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Drugs can only be eliminated from the body as parent compounds and not as metabolites.
Drugs can only be eliminated from the body as parent compounds and not as metabolites.
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Polymorphisms can influence the excretion of drugs.
Polymorphisms can influence the excretion of drugs.
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Study Notes
Drug Absorption
- Is the process of a drug moving from the site of administration into the bloodstream
- Essential for all routes of administration except intravenous injection
- Factors influencing drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract include:
Biological Factors
- Surface area of the gastrointestinal absorption sites impacts the rate of absorption
- The pH of gastrointestinal fluids affects drug solubility and absorption
- Gastrointestinal motility influences the time drugs spend in the GI tract, affecting absorption
- Food and diet can impact the absorption of certain drugs
- Hepatic metabolism, known as the 'first pass effect', can reduce the amount of drug reaching systemic circulation
- Gastrointestinal disorders and disease states can affect drug absorption
Physiochemical Factors
- The drug's dissociation constant determines how it will exist in the gastrointestinal environment
- Lipid solubility impacts how readily drugs can cross cell membranes for absorption
- The dissolution rate of drugs influences the speed at which it dissolves and becomes available for absorption
- Drug stability and degradation in the gastrointestinal environment can affect its availability for absorption
- Drug interactions affect absorption, influenced by interactions with other substances in the GI tract
Pharmaceutical Factors
- The type of dosage form, e.g., tablet, capsule, impacts drug absorption
- Use of excipients in formulations can influence absorption
- Polymorphisms, variations in drug crystal structures, influence drug absorption
Drug Excretion
- Is the elimination of drug molecules from the bloodstream out of the body
- Drugs are excreted as parent compounds or their metabolites
- Renal excretion, through the kidneys, is the primary route of excretion for most drugs
Renal Excretion
- The kidneys are the primary organ for excretion of drugs and/or their metabolites
- Drugs need to be reasonably hydrophilic to be excreted by the kidneys, allowing them to pass into urine
Other Routes Of Excretion
- Biliary excretion, through bile, is another significant route
- Pulmonary excretion, through the lungs, is relevant for volatile drugs
- Salivary excretion, through saliva, eliminates smaller amounts of drug
- Mammary excretion, through breast milk, is important for lactating mothers
- Sweat, skin excretion, eliminates small amounts of some drugs
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Description
Explore the essential process of drug absorption and its significance in pharmacology. Understand the various biological and physiochemical factors that influence how drugs move from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream. This quiz covers key concepts relevant to all routes of drug administration except intravenous injection.
