7 Medicines and Pharmacology

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Questions and Answers

Which medication is known for its selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 and is associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to nonselective agents?

  • Furosemide (Lasix)
  • Celecoxib (correct)
  • Haldol
  • Misoprostol

What is the most significant adverse effect associated with the use of infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?

  • CHF
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • TB reactivation (correct)
  • Respiratory alkalosis

Which medication can cause extrapyramidal manifestations such as tardive dyskinesia and should be managed with Benadryl?

  • Furosemide (Lasix)
  • Haldol (correct)
  • Iodine contrast
  • Misoprostol

Which medication is a derivative of prostaglandin E1 and is used to prevent peptic ulcer disease in patients on chronic NSAIDs?

<p>Misoprostol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side effect associated with gadolinium contrast?

<p>Nausea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to cause metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and ototoxicity as side effects due to over-diuresis?

<p>Furosemide (Lasix) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an antibody to TNF-alpha given intravenously and is used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease?

<p>Infliximab (Remicade) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side effect associated with iodine contrast?

<p>Nausea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication inhibits aldosterone and can cause metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia as side effects due to over-diuresis?

<p>Spironolactone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first acid-base disorder that occurs in a patient with ASA poisoning?

<p>Respiratory alkalosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration bypasses the liver and has higher bioavailability compared to oral drugs?

<p>Rectal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is largely responsible for binding drugs such as penicillins and warfarin?

<p>Albumin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can displace unconjugated bilirubin from albumin in newborns and should be avoided in this population?

<p>Sulfonamides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug kinetics involves a constant amount of drug being eliminated regardless of the dose?

<p>Zero-order kinetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many half-lives does it take for a drug to reach steady state?

<p>5 half-lives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the volume of distribution of a drug represent?

<p>The amount of drug in the body compared to its concentration in plasma or blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration involves drug absorption based on lipid solubility through the epidermis?

<p>Transdermal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug is restricted to nonionized, lipid-soluble drugs for absorption into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

<p>Lipid-soluble drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is stored in bone and follows zero-order kinetics for elimination?

<p>Tetracycline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug has the potential to cause kernicterus in newborns due to displacement of unconjugated bilirubin from albumin?

<p>Sulfamethoxazole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation known as?

<p>Bioavailability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug level is defined as the level at which death occurs in 50% of patients?

<p>LD50 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect is seen at an unusually low dose of a drug?

<p>Hyperactive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of drug metabolism involves demethylation, oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions?

<p>Phase I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an inhibitor of P-450 system?

<p>Erythromycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important organ for eliminating most drugs?

<p>Kidney (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of purine metabolism that causes gout?

<p>Uric acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication binds tubulin and inhibits migration of white blood cells?

<p>Colchicine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid-lowering agent binds bile acids in the gut, forcing the body to resynthesize bile acids from cholesterol?

<p>Cholestyramine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used to treat torsades de pointes (ventricular tachycardia)?

<p>Amiodarone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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