Drosophila melanogaster: Model Organism Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a distinguishing feature of female Drosophila melanogaster compared to males?

  • Females have a round abdomen.
  • Males have a pointed ovipositor.
  • Females are smaller than males.
  • Females have an abdomen that curves to a point. (correct)

Which physical characteristic is specific to male Drosophila melanogaster?

  • Males have alternating dark and light bands on their abdomen.
  • Males possess a pointed ovipositor.
  • Males possess a tiny tuft of hairs known as sex combs. (correct)
  • Males have a larger overall size.

What feature distinguishes the markings of the female Drosophila melanogaster from the male?

  • The female has a black abdominal end.
  • The female has a uniformly colored abdomen.
  • The female's abdomen has alternating dark and light bands. (correct)
  • The female shows fused abdominal segments.

Where are the claspers located in male Drosophila melanogaster?

<p>Just ventral to the tip of the abdomen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of adult female Drosophila melanogaster compare to that of males?

<p>Females are larger than males. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why Drosophila melanogaster is considered a popular genetic model organism?

<p>They are suitable for genetic manipulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many days does it take for Drosophila melanogaster to develop from fertilization to adulthood?

<p>10 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical features of Drosophila facilitate easy identification under a microscope?

<p>Size and shape of the eyes and wings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage does the larva of Drosophila melanogaster turn into a pupa?

<p>After three larval stages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the egg-laying capability of female Drosophila melanogaster?

<p>They can produce up to 1500 eggs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the larval stage of Drosophila melanogaster?

<p>They have black mouth hooks used for eating. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes male Drosophila melanogaster from females?

<p>Males possess a dark bristle pattern on their abdomen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having only four pairs of chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster compared to humans?

<p>It allows easier mapping of genetic traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Female Drosophila Size

Female Drosophila melanogaster is larger than the male.

Drosophila Abdomen Shape

Female's abdomen curves to a point; male's abdomen is round.

Markings on Drosophila

Females have alternating dark and light bands; males have fused segments.

Sex Combs in Drosophila

Males possess tiny tufts of hairs called sex combs on their front legs.

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External Genitalia of Drosophila

Females have a pointed ovipositor; males have darkly pigmented claspers.

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Drosophila melanogaster

Common fruit fly, a model organism in genetics.

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Short Lifespan

Drosophila has a rapid life cycle, maturing in 10 days.

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Cultural Requirements

Minimal needs for space and resources to breed Drosophila.

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Genetic Manipulation

Allows scientists to alter Drosophila's DNA easily due to fewer chromosomes.

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Life Cycle Stages

Consists of embryo, larva, pupa, and adult stages.

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Larva Stage

Worm-like stage after hatching, has black mouth hooks for eating.

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Pupal Stage

Larvae turn into pupae and undergo metamorphosis in about four days.

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Distinguishing Males and Females

Male and female Drosophila can be identified by anatomical features like size and coloration.

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Study Notes

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit Fly)

  • Classification:
    • Domain: Eukaryota
    • Kingdom: Animalia
    • Phylum: Arthropoda
    • Class: Insecta
    • Order: Diptera
    • Family: Drosophilidae
    • Genus: Drosophila
    • Species: melanogaster

Culturing and Breeding Drosophila melanogaster

  • Culturing:
    • Drosophila are easy to culture due to their small size and minimal requirements, allowing for study in small labs with limited resources.

  • Short Lifespan:

    • Fast development cycle, allows for many generations to be studied in a short period of time
    • Female fruit flies can lay up to 1500 eggs in their lifetime
    • Embryo emerges within 24 hours of fertilization and mature into an adult in approximately 10 days.

  • Minimal Culturing Requirements:

    • Simple living needs, making them cost-effective and accessible in various laboratory settings.

  • Genetic Manipulation:

    • Relatively simple genome and small number of chromosomes (4 pairs compared to 23 pairs in humans), which allows for easier manipulation. Allows researchers to track traits more readily.

  • Anatomical features:

    • Easily observable features like eyes, wings, and body segments aid in identifying various genetic alterations or traits.

Drosophila Life Cycle

  • Embryo: Small, oval-shaped, with two filaments at one end.
  • Larva: Worm-like; use black mouth hooks to eat. Three larval instars.
  • Pupa: Undergoes four days of metamorphosis; forms a hard, dark case.
  • Adult: Has a head, thorax, abdomen, six legs, and two wings; can live up to a month.

Male vs Female Drosophila

  • Size: Female is typically larger than male.
  • Abdomen Shape: Female abdomen curves to a point; male abdomen is round.
  • Markings: Alternating dark and light bands on the female's abdomen; the last few segments in male abdomen are fused.
  • Sex Combs: Tiny tuft of hairs on the front legs of males.
  • External Genitalia: Female has an ovipositor that is pointed; male has claspers located ventrally, which are darkly pigmented and circular in shape.

Phenotypes of Drosophila melanogaster

  • Wild Type: Normal or common phenotype in a population.
  • Mutant Phenotype: Traits that deviate from the wild type, arising from changes due to mutations in the wild type. Examples:
    • White eyes
    • Ebony body
    • Vestigial wings
    • Curly wings

Breeding Methods of Drosophila melanogaster

  • Procedures and methods used to propagate and study fruit fly populations for research.

Tools for Culturing Drosophila

  • Supplies and equipment necessary to maintain and grow Drosophila in a laboratory setting.

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Related Documents

Session 1: The Life Cycle of Drosophila melanogaster PDF

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