Drilling Engineering II: Hold Section Example (5-10)

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Questions and Answers

In the hold section, what does TVD stand for?

True Vertical Depth

What is the total measured depth (MD) for the hold section in Table (5-15) of Example (5-10)?

10590 feet

How much is the horizontal departure for the hold section?

1553.62 feet

Which section of the well involves going from the target to total depth through enough room for shoe joints?

Vertical to TD Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'build' refer to in the hold section data?

Increasing inclination angle Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of drawing a vertical section and horizontal plan view of the well?

To illustrate wellbore trajectory Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hold Section in a wellbore?

To maintain a constant inclination Signup and view all the answers

In what type of section is the inclination reduced in a wellbore?

Drop Section Signup and view all the answers

Why is it mentioned that not all wells have a Drop Section?

To highlight variations in directional profiles Signup and view all the answers

Which method was described as relatively simple but least accurate in directional surveys?

Tangential method Signup and view all the answers

What does the tangential method assume about the wellbore course?

It is tangential to the survey station Signup and view all the answers

Why was it advised not to use the tangential method for calculating directional surveys?

Because it results in errors greater than other methods Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in junction construction between Level 3 and Level 4?

Level 3 involves casing and cementing the main bore, while Level 4 involves casing and cementing both the main bore and lateral. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to construct the junction in Level 4?

Milling a hole through the liner and whipstock to expose the lower main bore. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of junction construction in Level 5?

Using completion equipment to achieve hydraulic integrity at the junction. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT an essential feature of constructing the junction in Level 5?

Dependence on cement for hydraulic integrity. Signup and view all the answers

Which level requires mechanical integrity but not hydraulic integrity at the junction?

Level 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary design consideration for junction construction in Level 3?

Sand control Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Directional Drilling

A well's directional profile can be divided into five sections: Vertical to KOP, Build, Hold, Drop, and Vertical to TD.
The Hold Section is the portion of the well where the inclination is held constant.
The Hold Section is represented by a right triangle (Fig. 5-42).
In the example, the Hold Section has a MD of 5830 feet, a TVD of 5314.21 feet, and a Dep. of 2397.63 feet.

Well Construction

A junction is constructed by either downhole milling or by installing a pre-milled window joint.
Level 3: The main bore is cased and cemented, the lateral is cased but not cemented, and mechanical integrity is required at the junction.
Level 4: The main bore and lateral are both cased and cemented, and the junction is constructed by one of three methods: washover operation, milling, or low-side perforations.
Level 5: Pressure integrity at the junction is achieved by using completion equipment, and packers are placed above and below the junction and in the lateral.

Survey Calculation Methods

The tangential method was once widely used but is now considered the least accurate and should not be used to calculate directional surveys.
The tangential method assumes the wellbore course is tangential to the lower survey station and the wellbore course is a straight line.
Other survey calculation methods are more accurate and should be used instead of the tangential method.

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