Dress and Culture Final Exam Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the three eras that have occurred since the Renaissance?

Classical Era, Industrialization, Post-industrial society and postmodern culture

When did the Classical Era occur?

From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution

Fashion is linked with the rise of cities and the middle class.

True

Sumptuary laws are enacted to maintain class distinctions.

True Signup and view all the answers

Differentiation among social groups occurred during the Classical Era.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of fashion change reflect?

Struggle for status and freedom of expression through appearance apparent in city life Signup and view all the answers

What era is Capitalism associated with?

Era of Industrialization Signup and view all the answers

Social mobility is feasible during the Era of Industrialization.

True Signup and view all the answers

M/F distinctions paralleled differences between public and private spheres in the Era of Industrialization.

True Signup and view all the answers

Utilitarian ideology shapes us today.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the rise of fashion associated with?

Competition and differentiation in city life, capitalism, industrialization Signup and view all the answers

What is described as having no longer engaged in labor-intensive areas of production?

Postindustrial Era Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Postindustrial Era?

Increasing attempts to automate Signup and view all the answers

Consumers have a renewed appreciation for handcrafted items during the Postindustrial Era.

True Signup and view all the answers

During which era did mass influences occur?

Postindustrial Era Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Postindustrial Era?

Characterized by simulation Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by symbolic exchange?

Classical Era Signup and view all the answers

Mechanization and factory production enabled lower classes to purchase fashion during the Era of Industrialization.

True Signup and view all the answers

Fashion as a process of change emerged during the Classical Era.

True Signup and view all the answers

What describes our current culture?

Postmodernism Signup and view all the answers

Postmodernism is demonstrated through?

Consumerism, pluralism, fragmentation, and ambivalence Signup and view all the answers

What does consumerism in fashion represent?

Fashion as a commodity that has utilitarian and 'identity' value Signup and view all the answers

What is pluralism?

Condition in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups co-exist Signup and view all the answers

Ambivalence denotes a diversity of views in opposition to one single method or approach to interpretation.

True Signup and view all the answers

What happens because there are so many styles?

The consumer is released from constraints of linear developments in fashion Signup and view all the answers

What is fragmentation defined as?

Bombardment of culture and information from multiple sources Signup and view all the answers

What does ambivalence refer to?

Contradictory and oscillating subjective states over identity issues Signup and view all the answers

What does acknowledgment and violations of aesthetic code refer to?

Ambivalence Signup and view all the answers

Involves a convergence of old and new dress elements?

Postmodernism Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of postmodernism?

Accelerated style change, unstable aesthetic code, disordered combinations, collapse of distinctions Signup and view all the answers

What does ambiguity allude to?

Multiple meanings Signup and view all the answers

What fuels fashion change and personal experimentation with appearance?

Ambivalence Signup and view all the answers

What challenges cognitive categories and results in changes?

Ambivalence Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the idea of instabilities in cultural categories?

McCracken Signup and view all the answers

What does Ego Screaming refer to?

Attempt to create shock value Signup and view all the answers

What does Dandyism denote?

'Nothing else matters' Signup and view all the answers

What does the mass market theory aim to do?

Diffuses horizontally throughout society Signup and view all the answers

Who was associated with Identification and Differentiation Theory?

George Simmel Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the prevailing style at any time?

Fashion Signup and view all the answers

What is a fashion classic?

Style that is still fashionable over an extended period of time Signup and view all the answers

What are fads?

Styles that sweep into popularity and then just disappear Signup and view all the answers

What defines high fashion?

New style whose acceptance is limited to those who want to be first to adopt it Signup and view all the answers

What is mass fashion?

Accepted and worn by a large amount of people Signup and view all the answers

What does fashion trend refer to?

Direction in which fashions are moving Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages in the fashion cycle?

Innovation, Rise, Acceleration, Mass Acceptance, Decline, Obsolescence Signup and view all the answers

What are the competing theories for fashion leadership?

Class struggle, Collective Selection, Mass Market, Sub-cultural fashion leadership, Ambivalence Signup and view all the answers

Who named the trickle-down theory?

Simmel Signup and view all the answers

What does the trickle-down theory view society as?

A pyramid, with top held by those at top of economic, social, entertainment, and political ladders Signup and view all the answers

Fashions trickle down from higher to lower class echelons.

True Signup and view all the answers

Who renamed the trickle-down theory?

McCracken Signup and view all the answers

What does subcultural fashion leadership arise from?

Increased visibility and influence of minority and youth subcultures in modern society Signup and view all the answers

What are style tribes?

Punk, Goth, Preps, Hip Hop Signup and view all the answers

What does trickle up refer to?

Fashions filter up from youth to older, or from lower to upper economic classes Signup and view all the answers

What is collective selection?

Fashion 'System' layers or has components Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed collective selection?

Blumer Signup and view all the answers

What does trickle across mean?

Fashions spread horizontally within and across homogenous groups, rather than from one social level to another Signup and view all the answers

What do ambivalence theories represent?

Contradictory attitudes that characterize much of our emotional and psychological experience Signup and view all the answers

What does identity ambivalence serve as?

Resources for fashions emerging from subcultures Signup and view all the answers

What does cultural ambivalence refer to?

What one appears to be Signup and view all the answers

What are instabilities related to cultural categories?

Ambivalence Signup and view all the answers

What happens when certain groups lend expression to their ambivalence?

Fashion change occurs Signup and view all the answers

Also known as the mass market theory, trickle across reflects horizontal fashion spread.

True Signup and view all the answers

Who originated the trickle-down theory?

Veblen Signup and view all the answers

Who originated the trickle across theory?

King Signup and view all the answers

What is Dior's New Look?

Modern Fashion Signup and view all the answers

What does fashion by imitation refer to?

Class Struggle Signup and view all the answers

What does mass market theory imply?

Diffuses horizontally throughout society Signup and view all the answers

Fashion emerges from blue collar workers.

Subcultural leadership Signup and view all the answers

What does class struggle denote?

Elite maintain position in society Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Eras of Fashion

Classical Era spans from the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution.
Industrialization era marked the rise of capitalism and social mobility opportunities.
Postindustrial society and postmodern culture define contemporary fashion dynamics.

Classical Era

Fashion linked to urban growth and the emergence of the middle class.
Sumptuary laws created to uphold class distinctions.
Fashion differentiation among social groups evident in city life.
Struggle for status and expression through fashion established.

Era of Industrialization

Capitalism associated with this period, promoting competition and differentiation in urban centers.
Social mobility gained traction, leading to a growing middle and working class.
Gender distinctions reflected public and private sphere divides.
Mechanization and factory production enabled lower social classes to access fashion.
Utilitarian ideologies began to shape consumer culture.

Postindustrial Era

Shift away from labor-intensive production to increased automation.
Renewed consumer appreciation for handcrafted items emerges.
Mass influences on fashion became predominant.
Characterized by simulation and a focus on symbolic exchange.

Postmodernism

Reflects current cultural dynamics, characterized by consumerism, pluralism, fragmentation, and ambivalence.
Ambivalence denotes contradictory feelings regarding identity and fashion.

Fashion Terms and Concepts

Fashion defined as the prevailing style at any given time.
Fashion classics maintain popularity over extended periods.
Fads experience rapid rise and fall in popularity.
High fashion appeals to early adopters; mass fashion is widely accepted.
Fashion trends indicate the directional movement of styles.

Fashion Cycle

Consists of several stages: innovation, rise, acceleration, mass acceptance, decline, and obsolescence.

Theories of Fashion Leadership

Identifies various theories including class struggle, collective selection, mass market, sub-cultural fashion leadership, and ambivalence.
Trickle Down Theory posits that fashion flows from the upper echelons to lower classes, initially proposed by Veblen and later renamed by McCracken.
Trickle Up Theory describes fashion movement from youth or lower classes to higher social levels.
Trickle Across Theory suggests horizontal diffusion of styles within similar groups.

Subcultural Influence

Subcultural fashion leadership gains prominence through the visibility of minority and youth groups.
Style tribes such as Punk, Goth, Preps, and Hip Hop influence mainstream fashion.

Key Theorists

George Simmel associated Identification and Differentiation Theory with societal norms of conformity and individuality.
Blumer proposed the theory of collective selection highlighting components of the fashion system.
King formulated the trickle across theory emphasizing horizontal influence rather than vertical hierarchy.

Fashion Dynamics

Ambivalence in identity and cultural perceptions catalyzes innovative fashion changes.
Cultural ambivalence refers to the public perception versus personal identity expression.
Fashion outcomes result from the tensions and resolutions of these ambivalent states, as groups assert their cultural expressions.

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Description

Prepare for your Dress and Culture final exam with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts from different eras since the Renaissance, including the Classical Era, Industrialization, and Postmodern culture. Enhance your understanding of the relationship between fashion and societal changes.