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Questions and Answers
What are the three eras that have occurred since the Renaissance?
Classical Era, Industrialization, Post-industrial society and postmodern culture
When did the Classical Era occur?
From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution
Fashion is linked with the rise of cities and the middle class.
True
Sumptuary laws are enacted to maintain class distinctions.
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Differentiation among social groups occurred during the Classical Era.
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What does the concept of fashion change reflect?
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What era is Capitalism associated with?
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Social mobility is feasible during the Era of Industrialization.
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M/F distinctions paralleled differences between public and private spheres in the Era of Industrialization.
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Utilitarian ideology shapes us today.
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What is the rise of fashion associated with?
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What is described as having no longer engaged in labor-intensive areas of production?
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What characterized the Postindustrial Era?
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Consumers have a renewed appreciation for handcrafted items during the Postindustrial Era.
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During which era did mass influences occur?
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What characterizes the Postindustrial Era?
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What is characterized by symbolic exchange?
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Mechanization and factory production enabled lower classes to purchase fashion during the Era of Industrialization.
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Fashion as a process of change emerged during the Classical Era.
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What describes our current culture?
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Postmodernism is demonstrated through?
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What does consumerism in fashion represent?
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What is pluralism?
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Ambivalence denotes a diversity of views in opposition to one single method or approach to interpretation.
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What happens because there are so many styles?
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What is fragmentation defined as?
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What does ambivalence refer to?
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What does acknowledgment and violations of aesthetic code refer to?
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Involves a convergence of old and new dress elements?
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What are the characteristics of postmodernism?
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What does ambiguity allude to?
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What fuels fashion change and personal experimentation with appearance?
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What challenges cognitive categories and results in changes?
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Who is associated with the idea of instabilities in cultural categories?
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What does Ego Screaming refer to?
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What does Dandyism denote?
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What does the mass market theory aim to do?
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Who was associated with Identification and Differentiation Theory?
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What is defined as the prevailing style at any time?
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What is a fashion classic?
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What are fads?
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What defines high fashion?
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What is mass fashion?
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What does fashion trend refer to?
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What are the stages in the fashion cycle?
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What are the competing theories for fashion leadership?
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Who named the trickle-down theory?
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What does the trickle-down theory view society as?
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Fashions trickle down from higher to lower class echelons.
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Who renamed the trickle-down theory?
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What does subcultural fashion leadership arise from?
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What are style tribes?
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What does trickle up refer to?
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What is collective selection?
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Who proposed collective selection?
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What does trickle across mean?
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What do ambivalence theories represent?
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What does identity ambivalence serve as?
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What does cultural ambivalence refer to?
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What are instabilities related to cultural categories?
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What happens when certain groups lend expression to their ambivalence?
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Also known as the mass market theory, trickle across reflects horizontal fashion spread.
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Who originated the trickle-down theory?
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Who originated the trickle across theory?
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What is Dior's New Look?
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What does fashion by imitation refer to?
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What does mass market theory imply?
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Fashion emerges from blue collar workers.
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What does class struggle denote?
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Study Notes
Eras of Fashion
- Classical Era spans from the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution.
- Industrialization era marked the rise of capitalism and social mobility opportunities.
- Postindustrial society and postmodern culture define contemporary fashion dynamics.
Classical Era
- Fashion linked to urban growth and the emergence of the middle class.
- Sumptuary laws created to uphold class distinctions.
- Fashion differentiation among social groups evident in city life.
- Struggle for status and expression through fashion established.
Era of Industrialization
- Capitalism associated with this period, promoting competition and differentiation in urban centers.
- Social mobility gained traction, leading to a growing middle and working class.
- Gender distinctions reflected public and private sphere divides.
- Mechanization and factory production enabled lower social classes to access fashion.
- Utilitarian ideologies began to shape consumer culture.
Postindustrial Era
- Shift away from labor-intensive production to increased automation.
- Renewed consumer appreciation for handcrafted items emerges.
- Mass influences on fashion became predominant.
- Characterized by simulation and a focus on symbolic exchange.
Postmodernism
- Reflects current cultural dynamics, characterized by consumerism, pluralism, fragmentation, and ambivalence.
- Ambivalence denotes contradictory feelings regarding identity and fashion.
Fashion Terms and Concepts
- Fashion defined as the prevailing style at any given time.
- Fashion classics maintain popularity over extended periods.
- Fads experience rapid rise and fall in popularity.
- High fashion appeals to early adopters; mass fashion is widely accepted.
- Fashion trends indicate the directional movement of styles.
Fashion Cycle
- Consists of several stages: innovation, rise, acceleration, mass acceptance, decline, and obsolescence.
Theories of Fashion Leadership
- Identifies various theories including class struggle, collective selection, mass market, sub-cultural fashion leadership, and ambivalence.
- Trickle Down Theory posits that fashion flows from the upper echelons to lower classes, initially proposed by Veblen and later renamed by McCracken.
- Trickle Up Theory describes fashion movement from youth or lower classes to higher social levels.
- Trickle Across Theory suggests horizontal diffusion of styles within similar groups.
Subcultural Influence
- Subcultural fashion leadership gains prominence through the visibility of minority and youth groups.
- Style tribes such as Punk, Goth, Preps, and Hip Hop influence mainstream fashion.
Key Theorists
- George Simmel associated Identification and Differentiation Theory with societal norms of conformity and individuality.
- Blumer proposed the theory of collective selection highlighting components of the fashion system.
- King formulated the trickle across theory emphasizing horizontal influence rather than vertical hierarchy.
Fashion Dynamics
- Ambivalence in identity and cultural perceptions catalyzes innovative fashion changes.
- Cultural ambivalence refers to the public perception versus personal identity expression.
- Fashion outcomes result from the tensions and resolutions of these ambivalent states, as groups assert their cultural expressions.
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Description
Prepare for your Dress and Culture final exam with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts from different eras since the Renaissance, including the Classical Era, Industrialization, and Postmodern culture. Enhance your understanding of the relationship between fashion and societal changes.