Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which brain region is associated with vocalization during ictal fear episodes?
Which brain region is associated with vocalization during ictal fear episodes?
- Temporal neocortex
- Cingulate (correct)
- Frontal eyefields
- DLPFC/Orbitofrontal
What is a characteristic of Dravet Syndrome?
What is a characteristic of Dravet Syndrome?
- Epilepsy only during sleep
- High IQ and cognitive abilities
- Development and epileptic encephalopathy (correct)
- Normal motor function
Which treatment is specifically mentioned for managing Dravet Syndrome?
Which treatment is specifically mentioned for managing Dravet Syndrome?
- Carbamazepine
- Epidyolex (cannabidiol) (correct)
- Oxcarbazepine
- Lamotrigine
Which of the following characteristics corresponds to a function of the precentral region?
Which of the following characteristics corresponds to a function of the precentral region?
What genetic factor is linked to approximately 80% of Dravet Syndrome cases?
What genetic factor is linked to approximately 80% of Dravet Syndrome cases?
Which antibiotic is used to treat infections caused by P.aeruginosa?
Which antibiotic is used to treat infections caused by P.aeruginosa?
What is a main function of elastase produced by P.aeruginosa?
What is a main function of elastase produced by P.aeruginosa?
Which treatment is indicated for Aspergillus infections?
Which treatment is indicated for Aspergillus infections?
What is the consequence of administering Cephalexin in young children regarding S.aureus?
What is the consequence of administering Cephalexin in young children regarding S.aureus?
Which antibiotic is used to treat MRSA infections?
Which antibiotic is used to treat MRSA infections?
What is the mechanism of action of Aromatase Inhibitors like anastrozole?
What is the mechanism of action of Aromatase Inhibitors like anastrozole?
Which statement correctly describes Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs) like Fulvestrant?
Which statement correctly describes Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs) like Fulvestrant?
What type of mutations are associated with resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer?
What type of mutations are associated with resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer?
How does RNA methylation affect treatment resistance in cancer therapy?
How does RNA methylation affect treatment resistance in cancer therapy?
What impact does DNA methylation have in the context of endocrine therapy resistance?
What impact does DNA methylation have in the context of endocrine therapy resistance?
What is the purpose of antimicrobial stewardship in the context of treating sepsis?
What is the purpose of antimicrobial stewardship in the context of treating sepsis?
Which statement best describes the structure of a phylogenetic tree?
Which statement best describes the structure of a phylogenetic tree?
In the context of min spanning trees, what does the size of the nodes indicate?
In the context of min spanning trees, what does the size of the nodes indicate?
Which of Koch's postulates is focused on the ability to re-isolate a microorganism from an infected host?
Which of Koch's postulates is focused on the ability to re-isolate a microorganism from an infected host?
What is the correct sequence of processes involved in bioinformatics analysis?
What is the correct sequence of processes involved in bioinformatics analysis?
What is the role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in ER+ cancers?
What is the role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in ER+ cancers?
What is the effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors like Palbociclib in cancer treatment?
What is the effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors like Palbociclib in cancer treatment?
Which marker indicates a positive progesterone receptor (PR) status?
Which marker indicates a positive progesterone receptor (PR) status?
What characterizes HER2 in invasive breast cancer?
What characterizes HER2 in invasive breast cancer?
What happens in the absence of estrogen concerning the PI3K pathway?
What happens in the absence of estrogen concerning the PI3K pathway?
What is the significance of DNMT1 in relation to the ESR1 promoter?
What is the significance of DNMT1 in relation to the ESR1 promoter?
What is a common risk management practice for individuals with a heightened risk of breast cancer?
What is a common risk management practice for individuals with a heightened risk of breast cancer?
What is noted as a key characteristic of ER+ breast cancers?
What is noted as a key characteristic of ER+ breast cancers?
Which of the following is a factor contributing to hyperactivation of the Cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex in cancer?
Which of the following is a factor contributing to hyperactivation of the Cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex in cancer?
What is a challenge associated with 2D mammography screening?
What is a challenge associated with 2D mammography screening?
What is the primary purpose of next generation sequencing (NGS) in microbiology?
What is the primary purpose of next generation sequencing (NGS) in microbiology?
Which factors are used by NGS to assess antibiotic resistance?
Which factors are used by NGS to assess antibiotic resistance?
How does combining epidemiological data with NGS aid in understanding antibiotic resistance?
How does combining epidemiological data with NGS aid in understanding antibiotic resistance?
What does the presence of mobile genetic elements indicate in bacteria?
What does the presence of mobile genetic elements indicate in bacteria?
What role do groups of genes play in predicting antibiotic resistance using NGS?
What role do groups of genes play in predicting antibiotic resistance using NGS?
In the context of clinical microbiology, what is an important implication of antimicrobial resistance?
In the context of clinical microbiology, what is an important implication of antimicrobial resistance?
What is the significance of detecting known resistance genes in clinical microbiology?
What is the significance of detecting known resistance genes in clinical microbiology?
What does the term 'healthcare-associated infection' refer to?
What does the term 'healthcare-associated infection' refer to?
Which statement about opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients is true?
Which statement about opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients is true?
Which of the following best describes the importance of pathogen surveillance?
Which of the following best describes the importance of pathogen surveillance?
What is the foremost challenge presented by antimicrobial resistance in modern medicine?
What is the foremost challenge presented by antimicrobial resistance in modern medicine?
What could be a consequence of genetic aberrations in cancer treatment?
What could be a consequence of genetic aberrations in cancer treatment?
How does artificial intelligence (AI) enhance cancer diagnostics?
How does artificial intelligence (AI) enhance cancer diagnostics?
In public health, what is the primary role of epidemiological studies?
In public health, what is the primary role of epidemiological studies?
Flashcards
FASTQ file
FASTQ file
Similar to FASTA, but includes a quality score for each base.
Phylogenetic tree
Phylogenetic tree
A tree showing evolutionary relationships between organisms (isolates).
Bioinformatics pipeline
Bioinformatics pipeline
A set of algorithms for analyzing genomic data.
Koch's postulates
Koch's postulates
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Min spanning tree
Min spanning tree
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NIPPV
NIPPV
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P. aeruginosa
P. aeruginosa
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FEV and FVC increase
FEV and FVC increase
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Co-amoxiclav
Co-amoxiclav
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P. aeruginosa virulence factor
P. aeruginosa virulence factor
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Dravet Syndrome Symptoms
Dravet Syndrome Symptoms
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Dravet Syndrome Cause
Dravet Syndrome Cause
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Dravet Syndrome Treatment
Dravet Syndrome Treatment
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DLPFC/Orbitofrontal Dysfunction
DLPFC/Orbitofrontal Dysfunction
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Treatment for Epilepsy
Treatment for Epilepsy
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SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators)
SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators)
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Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs)
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs)
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SERDs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators)
SERDs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators)
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DNA methylation and drug resistance
DNA methylation and drug resistance
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Histone modification and cancer tx
Histone modification and cancer tx
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Pathogen Genomics
Pathogen Genomics
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Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
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Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
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Genomics
Genomics
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Clinical Microbiology
Clinical Microbiology
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Genotype
Genotype
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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Metagenomics
Metagenomics
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Short Read Sequencing
Short Read Sequencing
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Long Read Sequencing
Long Read Sequencing
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Whole Genomic Sequencing
Whole Genomic Sequencing
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Amplicon Sequencing
Amplicon Sequencing
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Metagenomic Sequencing
Metagenomic Sequencing
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Epidemiology
Epidemiology
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Public Health
Public Health
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Study Notes
Progress Test & Cap A++++
- Progress test and cap
- You can do it
- Think simple
- Abhilashini Gunaseelan
- Head in the game
New Horizons (Clinical Microbiology)
- Introduction to pathogen genomics
- Evolution of diagnostics in clinical microbiology
- Genetics: study of genes and their role in inheritance; describes certain traits
- Reads: DNA sequence from one fragment; base pair combinations
- Short read sequencing: amplifies fragment DNA and sequences it
- Long read sequencing: reads nucleotide sequences at the single nucleotide level
- Genomics: study of all genes in an organism; its interaction with the environment
- In healthcare: diagnosis, research, surveillance, prognosis, personalized treatment, prediction
- Human genome: 3 billion base pairs, diploid chromosomes
- Mutation rate: 10^-7 to 10^-8
- Pathogen genome: 170k - 4.6 million base pairs, haploid, circular & mobile genetic elements
- Mutation rate: 10^-3 to 10^-4
- Genomic sequencing: decoding genetic material
- Whole genomic sequencing: determining the entirety of the genome
- Amplicon sequencing: for genetic variations
- Metagenomic sequencing: evaluates bacterial diversity, pathogen diversity
- Bioinformatics: information about DNA and amino acids
- FASTA file: text-based; nucleotide/peptide sequence in single-letter code
- FASTQ file: same as FASTA; quality scores
- Pipeline: set of complex algorithms
- Phylogenetic tree: graphical representation of evolutionary relationships; node → branch → tip
- Node labels: isolate ID
- Node size: proportional to # of samples
- Colors/lines: show how many differences between isolates
- Clinical diagnostics: genotypic AMR prediction, polymicrobial infections
- Environmental metagenomics: unbiased representation for surveillance, future trends
- AMR gene or plasmid tracking: detect sources of transmission of AMR
- Machine learning: predicts resistance from genomes, future trends in AMR
- Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS): standardizes AMR surveillance, informs policies and IPC responses
- Evolution of diagnostics: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
- Role of clinical microbiology lab: diagnosis, treatment, protection/prevention
Clinical Medicine & Surgery (Orthopedics and Microbiology)
- Prosthetic joint infections
- Clinical trial process
- Seizures
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Newborn screening, sweat chloride, genetic analysis, physiologic tests
- Lung-related issues, digestive issues, bone-related issues
- Clinical trial process
- Phases: 1-4; duration of test, numbers of participants, purposes
- Epilepsy syndromes
- Generalized and Focal epilepsies; Absence seizures, Myoclonic jerks, Tonic-clonic seizures, Status Epilepticus
- Causes: Infectious, Genetic, Traumatic
- Treatment: Medication selection, Surgery
- Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis, management, comparison
- Total Hip Replacement (THR), Hemiarthroplasty, complications, risk factors
- Fracture types (neck of femur, intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric): clinical features, diagnosis, management
- Knee replacement
- Shoulder pathologies (tendonitis, tear, impingement, dislocation)
- Hand/wrist fractures, conditions and conditions and (i.e. Carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren's contracture)
- Spine pathologies (disc prolapse, spinal stenosis, cervical spine fractures): symptoms, diagnosis, management
- Foot/ankle pathologies: sprains, fractures, bunions, Plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendon ruptures
- Bone and soft tissue tumors: benign and malignant tumors, presentation, diagnosis, management
- Peripheral arterial disease, chronic and acute, atherosclerosis
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm, conservative and surgical management
- Varicose veins: causes, risk factors, presentations, management, and complications
- Pulmonary embolism: risk factors, investigations, management, and complications
- Post surgical complications
- Wound infection, Cellulitis, SSI, Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), post-op ileus
Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Incidence
- Prevalence
- Parasitology
- Ectoparasites, endoparasites (Helminths, protozoan)
- Malignancy (causes, presentation, management, complications)
- Malaria: infection, presentation, diagnosis, treatment
- Public Health Campaigns, global funding, and partnerships
- HIV and AIDS: transmission, management, and complications of treatment, stages
- Opportunistic infections
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Description
Test your knowledge on key characteristics of Dravet Syndrome, including treatment options, genetic factors, and the role of various antibiotics in managing infections like MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This quiz covers important concepts in neurology and pharmacology related to these conditions.
