Dr. Moaaz Wahdan Medix Team 2024 Biochemistry - Telomere & Telomerase
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Questions and Answers

What is the repetitive nucleotide sequence found in human telomeres?

  • GGTTAC
  • AATTCG
  • CTAAGG
  • TTAGGG (correct)

Which Nobel laureates were awarded for the discovery of the telomerase enzyme?

  • Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Watson
  • Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak (correct)
  • Watson, Szostak, and Greider
  • Szostak, Blackburn, and Watson

Which protein complex is responsible for maintaining the G-quadruplex structure of telomeres?

  • Shelterin (telosome) (correct)
  • TRF1 and TRF2
  • RAP-1 and POT1
  • TIN2 and TPP1

What is the function of RAP-1 within the Shelterin complex?

<p>Inhibits DNA repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is thought to be adopted by telomere DNA?

<p>D-loop structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major cause of cellular aging associated with telomeres?

<p>Telomere loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is triggered when the telomere becomes too short?

<p>Apoptosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the ends of linear chromosomes an issue during DNA replication?

<p>They hinder full DNA copying in each round of replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the small pieces produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication called?

<p>Okazaki fragments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the strand that is made continuously during DNA replication?

<p>Leading strand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times can cells normally divide before telomeres become too short, leading to cell senescence and death?

<p>50-70 times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the conclusion, how has telomere shortening been proposed to function?

<p>As a molecular clock counting down to the end of cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of telomerase in cells?

<p>Prevent cellular senescence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell types typically exhibit high telomerase activity?

<p>Stem cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does TERC do in the telomerase structure?

<p>Adds telomere repeat sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to telomeres as we age?

<p>Shorten due to base loss per replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to telomere shortening according to the text?

<p>End replication problem and lifestyle factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is telomerase referred to as a 'cellular immortalizing enzyme'?

<p>It protects genomic integrity by preventing senescence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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