18 Questions
What is the repetitive nucleotide sequence found in human telomeres?
TTAGGG
Which Nobel laureates were awarded for the discovery of the telomerase enzyme?
Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak
Which protein complex is responsible for maintaining the G-quadruplex structure of telomeres?
Shelterin (telosome)
What is the function of RAP-1 within the Shelterin complex?
Inhibits DNA repair
Which structure is thought to be adopted by telomere DNA?
D-loop structure
What is a major cause of cellular aging associated with telomeres?
Telomere loss
What process is triggered when the telomere becomes too short?
Apoptosis
Why are the ends of linear chromosomes an issue during DNA replication?
They hinder full DNA copying in each round of replication
What are the small pieces produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication called?
Okazaki fragments
What is the name of the strand that is made continuously during DNA replication?
Leading strand
How many times can cells normally divide before telomeres become too short, leading to cell senescence and death?
50-70 times
According to the conclusion, how has telomere shortening been proposed to function?
As a molecular clock counting down to the end of cell division
What is the function of telomerase in cells?
Prevent cellular senescence
Which cell types typically exhibit high telomerase activity?
Stem cells
What does TERC do in the telomerase structure?
Adds telomere repeat sequence
What happens to telomeres as we age?
Shorten due to base loss per replication
What contributes to telomere shortening according to the text?
End replication problem and lifestyle factors
Why is telomerase referred to as a 'cellular immortalizing enzyme'?
It protects genomic integrity by preventing senescence
Learn about telomeres, the repetitive nucleotide sequence at the end of chromosomes, and telomerase enzyme discovered by Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak. Understand the structure of human telomeres and their significance in cellular aging.
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