Dr. Moaaz Wahdan Medix Team 2024 Biochemistry - Telomere & Telomerase
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Questions and Answers

What is the repetitive nucleotide sequence found in human telomeres?

  • GGTTAC
  • AATTCG
  • CTAAGG
  • TTAGGG (correct)
  • Which Nobel laureates were awarded for the discovery of the telomerase enzyme?

  • Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Watson
  • Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak (correct)
  • Watson, Szostak, and Greider
  • Szostak, Blackburn, and Watson
  • Which protein complex is responsible for maintaining the G-quadruplex structure of telomeres?

  • Shelterin (telosome) (correct)
  • TRF1 and TRF2
  • RAP-1 and POT1
  • TIN2 and TPP1
  • What is the function of RAP-1 within the Shelterin complex?

    <p>Inhibits DNA repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is thought to be adopted by telomere DNA?

    <p>D-loop structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of cellular aging associated with telomeres?

    <p>Telomere loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is triggered when the telomere becomes too short?

    <p>Apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the ends of linear chromosomes an issue during DNA replication?

    <p>They hinder full DNA copying in each round of replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small pieces produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication called?

    <p>Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the strand that is made continuously during DNA replication?

    <p>Leading strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times can cells normally divide before telomeres become too short, leading to cell senescence and death?

    <p>50-70 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the conclusion, how has telomere shortening been proposed to function?

    <p>As a molecular clock counting down to the end of cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomerase in cells?

    <p>Prevent cellular senescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell types typically exhibit high telomerase activity?

    <p>Stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TERC do in the telomerase structure?

    <p>Adds telomere repeat sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to telomeres as we age?

    <p>Shorten due to base loss per replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to telomere shortening according to the text?

    <p>End replication problem and lifestyle factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is telomerase referred to as a 'cellular immortalizing enzyme'?

    <p>It protects genomic integrity by preventing senescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

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