Untitled Quiz

Law is tied to specific times and places. Understanding its history is essential.

The foundation of European legal systems. It embodies societal rules.

Law is integral to all societies. It avoids conflict through established rules.

The set of rules created and enforced by a state or government.

An individual's rights and expectations within the legal system.

Law provides a reasoned solution to disagreements that avoids violence.

The concept that everyone is subject to and accountable under the law. It promotes fairness.

The period in Roman history after the monarchy (509 BCE).

Legal systems of the 2nd generation are no longer based on natural law and Enlightenment principles. Instead, they're based on systematic and compact codified laws, typically derived from a pre-existing legal system, like Roman law. These codes usually have precision and specificity, which sometimes makes them difficult for non-lawyers to understand.

German Civil Code, a second-generation legal code with a basis in re-evaluated and systematized Roman law.

Italian Civil Code, which combined French and German legal systems and established the role of the legislator as the primary source of law.

In codified legal systems, the judge's role is to apply the law, not to create it. Judges are essentially the 'mouth' of the law.

Fundamental concepts in European Union law are connected to the Roman tradition, particularly in private law. These concepts were developed through the Middle Ages and modern times.

Efforts are underway to create a common European legal framework, including projects like the Code Européen des Contrats and the DCFR.

A 2007 framework offering rules for contracts, civil responsibility and property, aiming at providing a base for European civil law.

A code of European contracts that aims to unify European contractual agreements.

Augustus, through the title of Augustus and held powers over the non-pacified provinces with 10-years term and got this power over all other proconsoles for life.

The supreme and unlimited power held by a proconsul, granted to Augustus, surpassing others' influence

The power of a tribune of the plebs without being one, granted to Augustus, ensuring a veto-free position.

The first citizen, a new political role, to coordinate the citizen order and power relationships.

The uncertainty of power transfer after a leader's death, with the senates role in theory, and the actual influence of those in power.

The Roman state transformed into an absolute monarchy by the 3rd century, with a significant decrease in the Republican system.

A perpetual dictator; someone granted absolute power for life, as Caesar held

Title indicating the holder of imperium (supreme military and political power), conferred on the princep.

A form of government combining elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy, aiming for stability.

A recurring pattern in which legitimate forms of government (monarchy, aristocracy, democracy) naturally decay into corrupted forms (tyranny, oligarchy, ochlocracy).

Consuls, in the Roman Republic, held similar powers (imperium) to a king but were accountable and temporary, reflecting a move from concentrated to shared power.

The form of government established in Rome after overthrowing the monarchy, featuring a complex system of checks and balances.

A fundamental concept for Romans, emphasizing individual rights and participation in the state, contrasted with the absolute power of a king.

Roman consuls held power jointly, requiring two to agree on decisions and preventing power concentration.

A form of government where a single ruler, (usually with a power-hungry approach), exercises absolute power in a cruel way often ignoring the laws.

The structure of the Roman Republic focused on a balance among elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.

Ius Civile is the traditional Roman law, while Ius Honorarium is the law developed by magistrates (like the praetors).

It assists, complements, and corrects Ius Civile.

Magistrates can't change or abolish Ius Civile.

Roman jurists started writing systematic works on Roman law.

Roman jurists used 'will' and 'equity' to interpret laws and contracts.

Even though Ius Honorarium is important, Ius Civile has the ultimate authority.

Roman jurists shifted from mostly oral traditions to written legal texts.

Initially without direct government control, jurists' authority came from reputation and understanding.

A 50-book legal compilation by Justinian, summarizing and systematizing Roman legal writings. It was a key component of Justinian's legal reforms.

A comprehensive project by Emperor Justinian to codify and standardize Roman law, comprised of the Digesto, the Codex, and the Institutes.

A collection of imperial laws (constitutions) compiled by Justinian, organized into 12 books, to clarify and update existing laws.

A legal textbook, modeled on Gaius's earlier work, designed as a beginner's guide to Roman law.

Post-Codex imperial decrees and changes to Roman law, recorded later in collections of unpublished material by private initiatives compared to the Codex which was previously published for everyone

Assembling and organizing existing legal material into a form for easier use and understanding.

Arranging legal material according to a coherent system, often by topic or subject area.

Historical legal writings of ancient Rome, serving as the foundation for European legal systems.