Doppler Ultrasound Principles and Artifacts

What adjustment should be made to capture slow flow with color Doppler?

Which of the following is a possible cause of mirror imaging artifact in Doppler ultrasound?

What is the recommended action to correct for spectral signals overlapping due to beam width artifacts?

What is the typical cause of color overgain artifact, and how can it be resolved?

How can aliasing, that exceeds the Nyquist limit, be resolved when using Doppler ultrasound?

What does the Bernoulli equation, $4V^2$, primarily calculate?

What artifact results from strong reflectors or regurgitation displaying color signals on the side?

Which of the following best describes the Flow Convergence region?

Normally, the Lateral Annulus should not exceed which value?

What is the primary indicator of RV volume overload when assessing LV geometry?

What is indicated by an LV wall that has a thinned out Anteroseptal wall?

Which of the following is considered a precursor to thrombus formation?

How is Cardiac Output calculated?

What adjustment can be made to PISA Radius to clear flow convergence?

In flow convergence, when does the flow exceed the Nyquist limit?

Which of the following is the correct relationship between frequency and penetration of ultrasound waves?

What type of wave is an ultrasound wave?

Which acoustic parameter CANNOT be adjusted by the sonographer?

If the frequency of an ultrasound wave is $5 \text{ MHz}$, what is its period?

Which of the following best describes rarefactions in sound waves?

What is the relationship between Pulse Repetition Period (PRP) and Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)?

What determines axial resolution?

Which of the following is NOT a component of attenuation?

Which of the following is a characteristic of Dyskinesia?

What is the primary effect of the Valsalva maneuver on atrial pressure?

A patient with Diastolic Dysfunction has a fused E/A wave on Doppler. Which maneuver is most appropriate to resolve this issue and separate the waveforms?

What is the normal value for Flow propagation when using Color Doppler M mode as a marker of impaired relaxation?

Which finding during a diastolic stress test would be considered abnormal and indicative of pulmonary hypertension?

What is the recommended method to accurately measure the Ejection Fraction of the Right Ventricle?

In the context of Ischemic Heart Disease, what does Speckle Tracking assess, and what color indicates unhealthy cardiac tissue on the Bull's Eye chart?

Which coronary artery is most likely associated with SERP (Systolic Early Regional Pre-ejection) observed in the apical and mid-septum during a stress echo?

Which statement best describes the M-mode characteristics seen with RV volume overload pattern?

What is the hemodynamic definition of the Vena Contracta?

A patient presents with classic indications of Aortic Stenosis, increased LV pressure, and LVH. How will the LV End-Diastolic Pressure be affected?

What M-mode finding is most consistent with Calcific Aortic Stenosis (Degenerative)?

What is the effect on End Systolic Volume, during an Ischemic Response to Dobutamine?

What blood pressure value(s) indicates a Hypertensive Response to Exercise?

What value is needed to calculate RVSP?

What is the primary purpose of the matching layer in ultrasound transducers?

In the context of ultrasound, what is axial resolution?

What adjustment should be made to mitigate the side lobe artifact in an ultrasound image?

If the imaging depth is doubled, what happens to the frame rate (FR) in real-time imaging?

What is the term for the bending of the ultrasound beam as it passes from one medium to another?

What is the relationship between frequency and divergence in the far field for smaller diameter crystals?

What information is provided by spectral analysis of Pulsed Wave (PW) Doppler signals?

Which of the following actions could cause aliasing in Pulsed Wave (PW) Doppler measurements?

What does 'Time of Flight' refer to in the range equation, within the context of soft tissue?

What is the function of the demodulator in Doppler ultrasound?

Regarding ultrasound artifacts, what causes mirror imaging?

What characteristics are associated with the Near Field Clutter artifact in ultrasound imaging, and how is it reduced?

How is contrast resolution affected by decreasing the dynamic range?

In the context of Color Doppler, what does the aliasing pattern typically look like within a vessel?

Which of the following is true regarding refraction artifacts in ultrasound imaging?