4.3.2 Conjugal roles and debates about gender equality in the family

<p>Men are often unaware of their wives' emotional dissatisfaction in the marriage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They feel pressured to compensate for their partner's lack of emotional expression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To nurture and maintain a sense of family community and belonging. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women's emotion work is often considered a gendered duty rather than a valuable contribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative impacts on women's well-being, including their happiness and mental health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women are more likely to express dissatisfaction in their marriages compared to men. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are burdened by the responsibility of maintaining the emotional stability of the relationship. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gendered expectations play a significant role in the unequal distribution of tasks, including emotional labor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men's contributions are often seen as a gift to their partners, while women's contributions are seen as their duty. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inequality in the division of childcare, housework, and emotional work. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women are more likely to experience negative emotional consequences following divorce. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women's emotional labor is often overlooked and undervalued, leading to resentment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divorce is often initiated by women who are more likely to express dissatisfaction and seek an end to the relationship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender scripts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Egalitarianism and symmetry were prevalent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They experience tensions similar to heterosexual couples (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in paid work hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were distinctly unequal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men were primarily wage-earners and responsible for few domestic tasks, while women were primarily responsible for housework and childcare. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men and women's attitudes towards the distribution of labor in the home had changed significantly towards a more equal sharing of responsibilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men's superior earning power gave them a greater say in decision-making and family discipline. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater emphasis on romantic love in marriage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the distribution of wealth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women's economic dependence on their husbands automatically leads to unequal power dynamics in the home. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>grounded in empirical observation and research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increasing participation of women in the workforce led to a renegotiation of household responsibilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants may inaccurately report their contributions due to exaggeration or underestimation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wives view leisure time as any period free from both paid work and family obligations, while husbands see it as any time not spent working for pay. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The demanding nature of domestic labor, which often requires constant attention and effort beyond the hours of paid work. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men will be more likely to take on a greater share of domestic labor as women's earning power increases relative to men's. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It found fathers are spending more time with their children, and it also showed that this increase in time is most apparent among highly educated fathers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It doesn't capture the emotional quality of the interaction between fathers and children, focusing solely on time spent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Craig’s research highlighted that fathers’ involvement in childcare is largely limited to “quality time” activities such as play and conversation, while women still dominate the more practical aspects of childcare like feeding and bathing, leaving them less time for meaningful interactions with their children. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True equality in the home cannot be achieved without an equitable and shared distribution of decision-making power between partners. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decisions that involve financial and economic matters, such as finances, job changes, or home ownership. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Despite the societal changes in gender roles, the patterns of decision-making in couples, as identified by Edgell, remain largely unchanged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Despite some progress, a true shift toward gender equality in domestic labor has not yet materialized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text argues that the traditional patriarchal family structure is a powerful influence on the division of labor, limiting opportunities for women to achieve equal power and responsibility in the home. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase in women's earnings relative to men's and the growing number of couples adopting shared decision-making models. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While some progress has been made, the division of labor in the home remains unequal, with women often taking on the majority of the mental and emotional workload, despite men's increased participation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Couples are moving towards a more equal decision-making, with men becoming more involved in decisions related to the quality of family life and children’s well-being. (B), Decisions about children’s schooling are often made jointly by couples, but rarely by the wife alone. (C), While men still dominate in areas like finances and housing, women have made strides in influencing decisions related to family life quality. (G), Husband’s decision-making power primarily stems from their higher earning capacity. (H), While women sometimes make decisions related to food shopping and children’s clothing, husbands still retain control in other areas. (J)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rise of the nuclear family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partnership Penalty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second Shift (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They fail to account for the invisible labor that women perform. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The symmetrical family (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>66% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unequal distribution of domestic labor in marriage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The financial disadvantage experienced by women who choose to have children compared to men and child-free women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women must work two jobs – one paid and one unpaid – to fulfill their domestic responsibilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The breakdown of traditional gender roles is leading to a more egalitarian family form. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symmetrical family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The availability of new job opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oakley contends that the concept of the symmetrical family is flawed and does not accurately reflect reality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Academic studies conducted by sociologists like Oakley and Craig (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The division of household chores and responsibilities between spouses.

The roles and responsibilities assignable to spouses in a marriage.

The clear distinction between male and female responsibilities in the home.

The financial contribution of a spouse, often giving them more influence in decision-making.

When one spouse relies financially on the other for household needs.

The shared responsibilities of spouses in managing household tasks.

Sociological viewpoints that analyze gender inequalities, particularly in domestic settings.

Research showing distinct domestic roles in working-class families during the 1950s.

Cultural norms dictating expected gender roles in relationships.

Many lesbian couples display egalitarian roles in domestic tasks.

Found symmetry in domestic responsibilities among lesbian partners.

How domestic chores are shared among partners in a household.

Critiqued Dunne, showing inequalities persist in same-sex households.

The movement of working-class individuals away from their birthplace.

A family type where both spouses share responsibilities and decision-making equally.

Women's ability to contribute financially through paid work, reducing dependence on men.

A perspective arguing for gender equality and social changes that support women.

A social system where men hold primary power and dominate roles.

The increase in unpaid domestic labor women perform after cohabiting.

The financial loss women face after having children compared to men.

Conflicts between partners over household responsibilities.

The additional unpaid domestic work women do after their paid jobs.

The challenge women face juggling paid work and domestic responsibilities.

Research measuring how much time men and women spend on housework and childcare.

A marriage model where both partners share equal rights and responsibilities.

Long-standing societal norms that dictate gender roles in domestic tasks.

The extent to which husbands engage in domestic chores.

Arguments by feminists highlighting ongoing inequalities in domestic labor.

The degree to which study findings are unbiased and impartial.

How married women define their free time uniquely compared to men.

Comparison of leisure hours experienced by men and women.

The cognitive effort involved in planning and managing household responsibilities.

The gradual change towards equality in domestic labor.

The increasing role of men in household tasks over generations.

The degree of engagement fathers have in their children’s upbringing.

The nature of interactions between parents and children beyond time spent.

The process of joint or individual decisions made in family units.

Research indicating men have more power in important family decisions.

Classification of family decisions into very important, important, and less important.

Follow-up study to Edgell’s showing limited changes in decision-making power.

Decisions involving finances or significant investments in the family.

True equality in families requires equal power in making decisions.

In families, husbands often influence key decisions.

Men's unemployment shifts decision-making power to wives.

Emotional support and care within the family context.

Women manage work, housework, and emotional labor.

Feeling isolated despite being in a marriage.

Stereotypical roles affecting how household tasks are perceived.

Active engagement in family members' emotional states.

Recognition and appreciation of emotional labor done.

The overall emotional climate maintained by one member.

Feelings of bitterness from unequal emotional labor.

Research showing gender differences in marital satisfaction.

Women are more likely to start divorce proceedings than men.

Housework often viewed as invisible and thankless.

Expectations that define women's roles in families.

Unequal distribution of emotional and domestic labor.