DOM and HTML Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the document represent in the DOM tree structure?

A text node

The root node (correct)

A child node of the body

An attribute node

Which of the following is NOT a type of node within an element node?

Text node

Element node

Attribute node

Document node (correct)

What is the first step in adding HTML elements to the DOM?

Create an element (correct)

Change the document structure

Modify the existing element

Delete an existing node

In a DOM tree, which node type is responsible for containing attributes?

Element node Signup and view all the answers

How do you search for elements within the DOM?

From the document root down Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the opening and closing tags in an HTML element?

To mark the beginning and end of an element Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tags is used to create a bulleted list in HTML?

<ul> Signup and view all the answers

What element is used to emphasize text in an HTML document?

Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a void element in HTML?

An element that does not have a closing tag Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tag in an HTML document?

To display images on the webpage Signup and view all the answers

Which tag creates a hyperlink to another webpage?

<a> Signup and view all the answers

How does a web browser render an HTML document?

From top to bottom Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'alt' attribute in an tag?

To provide alternative text for the image Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'const' keyword in JavaScript signify?

The variable cannot be reassigned. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the 'let' keyword?

Variables declared with 'let' cannot be used before their declaration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Document Object Model (DOM)?

It represents the HTML document in an object format for manipulation. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is considered the most versatile for selecting HTML elements in the DOM?

querySelector Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if you try to reassign a variable declared with 'const'?

A TypeError will be thrown. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the following code: 'let foo = "Happy"; foo = "Halloween"; console.log(foo);'?

"Halloween" Signup and view all the answers

Which function correctly adds logic to a JavaScript file?

function squareNum(num) { return num * num; } Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to keep the browser console open while developing with JavaScript?

To see error messages and debug code. Signup and view all the answers

What does the DOMContentLoaded event indicate?

The browser has finished parsing the HTML document. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to remove an element from the DOM?

element.remove() Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the use of the .value property in JavaScript?

It retrieves the current value of an input element. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if JavaScript is placed in the head section of an HTML document without any defer attribute?

Scripts execute before the DOM elements are available. Signup and view all the answers

Which event listener would be appropriate to detect when a user scrolls on a webpage?

scroll Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of JavaScript as a programming language?

It can dynamically change variable types. Signup and view all the answers

Which command would you use to log a message to the web console in JavaScript?

console.log() Signup and view all the answers

How can a user input a color value through an input element in HTML?

Input type='color' Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using the 'input' event?

To capture the current value of an input field Signup and view all the answers

What property is used to control the arrangement of flex-items in a container?

flex-direction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to flex-items when the flex container’s size is exceeded?

They wrap to a new line depending on the flex-wrap property Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'justify-content' property do in a flex container?

Distributes extra space between flex-items Signup and view all the answers

Which key should be used to listen for specific keypresses in an event?

keydown Signup and view all the answers

In a flex container, what is the default direction for flex-items?

row Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of setting the 'align-items' property in a flex container?

It aligns items along the cross axis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly applies a flex layout with vertical alignment?

display: flex; flex-direction: column; Signup and view all the answers

What is the main axis in the Flexbox model?

The direction in which flex-items are laid out Signup and view all the answers

Which element in the Flexbox Froggy game represents the flex container?

The blue pond Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when aligning boxes in the exercise related to Flexbox?

Using margin to space out the boxes Signup and view all the answers

What does the cross axis do in the Flexbox model?

Allows for alignment of each flex-item within the container Signup and view all the answers

Which resource is recommended for visual representations of flexbox properties?

CSS-Tricks cheat sheet Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Flexbox Froggy, what does the lilypad represent?

Where the frog needs to be after applying flexbox properties Signup and view all the answers

What alignment is necessary for flex-items on the cross axis according to the hints provided?

Center-aligned Signup and view all the answers

In Flexbox, what is the purpose of having gaps between flex-items?

To visually separate each item without using margins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

HTML Overview

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.
It's used to structure and create content for websites.
HTML elements are used to define different parts of a webpage, like headings, paragraphs, lists, and images.

Components of a Website

HTML provides the structure and content of a website.
CSS is responsible for visual presentation like styles, colors, and layout.
JavaScript (JS) adds logic and interactivity.

HTML Documents

Composed of elements with opening and closing tags.
Tags define the structure and content of the page.
Example elements include <title>, , <div>, and <ol>.

HTML Elements: Anatomy

Opening tag: e.g., 
Content: the text or other elements inside the tags.
Closing tag: e.g.,

Rendering HTML

Browsers render HTML documents from top to bottom.
Elements are displayed according to their defined structure.

Common HTML Elements

<ul> and <ol> for unordered and ordered lists.
<h1> to <h6> for different heading sizes.
<a> for hyperlinks to other pages or resources.
<img> for displaying images.
<input> for user input (text, forms, etc.).
<table> for creating tables.

Attributes

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.
Example attributes include href for links and src for images.
Attributes are specified within the opening tag.

JavaScript (JS)

Adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to HTML.
Contains statements and expressions controlling website behavior.

JavaScript Variables

const: Declares a constant variable.
let: Declares a variable that can be reassigned.
var: Avoid using var for modern JavaScript development.

JavaScript Functions

Define reusable blocks of code.
Functions typically accept arguments and return a value.

Document Object Model (DOM)

Internal representation of the HTML document in a browser.
Allows accessing and manipulating page elements.

DOM APIs

Methods to interact with the DOM.
Example functions include appendChild, and querySelector.
Useful for adding, removing, and modifying elements.

HTML Comments

Comments in HTML are denoted using .
They are ignored by the browser during rendering.

Event listeners

Used to add interactivity to web pages.
Event triggers in response to user actions.
Listen for events like clicking, mouse movement, and form input.

JavaScript Error Handling

JavaScript allows developers to write code that handles errors.

Text Formatters

Used to change the text's display within a webpage.
Examples include  for bold text and  for italic text.

HTML Images

Used to display images on the page.
The src attribute specifies the image file.
The alt attribute provides alternative text.

External Images and URLs

Images can be from external websites.
A URL link to a valid image file provides the source for the image to display.

Hyperlinks

Used for linking between different pages or sections of a webpage.

Web Servers

Programs that manage the website and respond to user requests.
Necessary for users to access the webpage or files.
A program to serve HTML content.

Client-Server Communication

Client (user's browser) requests data.
Server (web server program) provides the requested information.

Separating Pages

Splitting web pages is a critical aspect of web development.
Separates tasks between different pages.

HTML Validation

required and maxlength attributes in input elements help you validate user input.

JavaScript in HTML

Placing JavaScript code in HTML documents.
Scripts are typically placed at the end of the <body>.

Using `DOMContentLoaded` Event

JavaScript code that depends on HTML elements.
Put the script after placing the HTML content to avoid the script from running before the items exist.

Basic JavaScript Data Types

Primitive data types like strings, numbers, booleans.

HTML Elements and Attributes

HTML elements make up the structure of the webpage.
Attributes further describe elements (e.g., <img src="image.jpg" alt="An image">).

Flexible Box (Flexbox) Model

Model for arranging and aligning items in a one-dimensional layout.
Helps arrange elements in a horizontal or vertical row.
Manage and specify the properties that will control the layout.

Flexbox Properties

Various properties like flex-direction, justify-content, align-items, and flex-wrap govern flexbox layouts.

Flexbox Froggy

A game to learn flexbox properties.
Provides hands-on exercises and visual representation to master them.

Modern Web Development

Components and reusable pieces of code in webpage layout.
Uses Frameworks like React, Vue, or Svelte to manage components.

Node and NPM (Node Package Manager)

JS runtime environment allowing scripts to run outside a browser.
npm is a package manager for installing and managing libraries in this environment.

JS Engines

Components of browsers to run JavaScript scripts.
Examples of JS engines are the V8 engine and the SpiderMonkey engine.

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Description

Test your understanding of the Document Object Model (DOM) and HTML elements with this quiz. Examine concepts such as node types, element attributes, and HTML structure to enhance your web development knowledge.