DoD Cost-Comparison Quiz

Participant Guide

• The document is a participant guide for EDFMTC Module 1: Resource Management Environment
• The guide belongs to the Society of Defense Financial Management (SDFM) and Management Concepts.

Manpower Management

• This is Module 2 of the EDFMTC course.
• The module explores the role of financial management in planning, estimating, and mobilizing manpower in the DoD.
• The module covers two areas: defense manpower management and defense manpower operations and ethics.
• Defense manpower management involves planning, organizing, and directing personnel to meet operational needs.
• Defense manpower operations and ethics covers ethical considerations and responsibilities of personnel management.
• The lessons are: Defense Manpower Management and Defense Manpower Operations and Ethics.

Defense Manpower Management

• This is Lesson 1 of Module 2
• It describes the relationship between DoD manpower financial budgets and manpower structure.
• It summarizes mobilization processes for military and civilian personnel.
• It distinguishes between outsourcing and privatization.
• Defense manpower management focuses on matching personnel with appropriate skills and places in a timely manner.
• Activities include: structure and allocation planning, estimating, and mobilization and crisis management.
• The organization of the Department of Defense is described with its various agencies and offices.

Defense Manpower Management Defined

• Defensive manpower management is about determining manpower requirements for budgeting purposes.
• It involves reporting manpower strengths to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).

Terminology and Concepts

• Actual strength refers to the number of personnel at a point in time.
• Assigned strength is an entire service's actual strength.
• Authorized strength is the total strength authorized by Congress.
• Average strength is the average over a time span.
• DoD civilian workforce involves civilians or foreign nationals hired by the DoD, paid from appropriated or non-appropriated funds.
• End strength is the strength at the end of a fiscal year.
• Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) is the official DoD report on the resources provided.
• Force structure involves all units in a DoD component.
• Manpower programming combines personnel procurement, training, and assignment processes.
• Peacetime strength refers to the authorized and programmed strength in an FYDP.

Defense Manpower Management Defined

• Defense Manpower Management is the process for determining manpower requirements for budgeting purposes and reporting manpower strengths to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) .

Defense Manpower Management by the Secretary of Defense

• The first priority for manpower planning is major combatant commands.
• Remaining forces are assigned to support combat forces within approved levels of strength.
• Civilian requirements are dependent on planning and workload factors necessary for operation.
• Manpower for areas needing both military and civilian personnel should be projected as a total.
• Civilian personnel are utilized in appropriate positions as per laws, training, security, discipline, rotation, or combat readiness requirements.
• Indigenous personnel are prioritized to support DoD mission, as needed.

Defense Manpower Management - Authorization

• Title 10 of the U.S. Code mandates annual authorization of U.S. military end strength by Congress.
• The President's Budget and the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) set and/or adjust these strength levels.

Global Force Management (GFM)

• The Joint Chiefs of Staff manages globally allocated military manpower.
• GFM considers force readiness, availability, demand from combatant commanders, logistical and transportation capacities.

Lesson 1 - Defense Manpower Management

• Discusses the relationship between DoD manpower financial budgets and manpower structure.
• Summarizes mobilization processes for military and civilian personnel.
• Differentiates between outsourcing and privatization.

Lesson 1 - Introduction to Defense Manpower Management

• Describes the relationship between DoD's manpower financial budgets and organization/structure.
• Summarizes mobilization processes for military and civilian personnel.
• Discusses the differences between outsourcing and privatization.

Lesson 1 - Defense Manpower Management

• The first priority for programming manpower is that for major combatant commands' needs.
• Remaining forces are manned to support combat forces.
• Civilian needs are based on planning and workload.
• Civilian personnel can be used only in positions that do not require military personnel. (e.g., law, training, security, discipline.)
• Indigenous personnel are hired to support DoD mission.

Manpower Estimation

• Personnel budget estimation uses full-time equivalent (FTE) employment.
• FTE employment is determined by total number of hours worked.
• Common full-time equivalent terminology includes full-time permanent (FTP), Other than full-time permanent (OTFTP).
• Turnover rates are calculated by dividing the number of employees who left positions in a year by total number of positions.
• The average number of days from an employee leaving a position and the position being filled is the fill rate, per year.
• Lapse rate is turnover rate multiplied by fill rate.

Budget Formulation for Manpower

• Budgets for military manpower are based on average end strength throughout the fiscal year.
• The budgets are organized by officers, enlisted personnel and cadets, and components (active, reserve, and National Guard).
• DoD FMR details budgeting for military manpower, including the related budget exhibits needed for submission to OUSD(C) and the justification material required in the President's Budget.
• Budgeting for military manpower is focused on finding the most effective mix of personnel (civilians, contractors, or temporary personnel.)
• Accurate pricing of estimated end strength and FTEs, incorporation of pay raises, and limiting unnecessary growth in average grade are factors that help with budget formulation.

Manpower Utilization Policy

• DoD manpower utilization policy for mobilization or wartime is based on:
• Terminating or deferring activities that are not essential to the war effort.
• Assigning military personnel to jobs contributing to the war unless required by law or necessary skills
• Alternative manpower is not available.

Mobilization

• Defense leaders consider the civilian workforce, impact of mobilization, and contingency planning.
• Loss of civilian employees (reserve/retired military) or those drafted into military service are considered.
• Civilian workforce expansion during contingencies and emergencies requires planning for hiring and recruitment.
• DoD civilian retirees, non-recall (over 60 or with disability) and employees from other federal agencies or contractors can be considered.
• Overtime and temporary employees can also be considered.

Defense Manpower Operations and Ethics

• This lesson describes the role of OMB Circular A-76 in implementing the Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act of 1998.
• It details the key elements of OMB Circular A-76 related to the Most Efficient Organization (MEO).
• It explains the Commercial Activities Program, including relevant terms.
• It defines key government ethical standards as well.