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Questions and Answers
What is the Documentary Hypothesis?
What is the Documentary Hypothesis?
- One of three models for the origins of the Bible (correct)
- A historical event in the Babylonian Empire
- A collection of hymns
- A type of ancient text
What divine name is used by the J source?
What divine name is used by the J source?
Yahweh
What term is used for the source that consistently uses Elohim?
What term is used for the source that consistently uses Elohim?
E
What is the focus of the Priestly Source (P)?
What is the focus of the Priestly Source (P)?
What book of the Bible is the D source largely found in?
What book of the Bible is the D source largely found in?
What transformation did Gilgamesh undergo after the death of his foe Ankandu?
What transformation did Gilgamesh undergo after the death of his foe Ankandu?
What was Abraham originally named?
What was Abraham originally named?
At what age did Sarah have a baby?
At what age did Sarah have a baby?
Who is Lot in relation to Abraham?
Who is Lot in relation to Abraham?
Who is credited as one of the originators of the Documentary Hypothesis?
Who is credited as one of the originators of the Documentary Hypothesis?
Which of the following is not part of Creation 1?
Which of the following is not part of Creation 1?
In Creation 2, man is created after animals.
In Creation 2, man is created after animals.
What caused the flood in the J source account?
What caused the flood in the J source account?
What was the result of the flood according to the P source?
What was the result of the flood according to the P source?
Who was Kirta?
Who was Kirta?
What is the Atrahasis story about?
What is the Atrahasis story about?
What territory did the Phoenicians primarily inhabit?
What territory did the Phoenicians primarily inhabit?
Who are said to be descendants of Ben-ammi?
Who are said to be descendants of Ben-ammi?
From whom do the Moabites descend?
From whom do the Moabites descend?
What significance does Marduk have?
What significance does Marduk have?
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Study Notes
Documentary Hypothesis
- Explains origins of the Torah/Pentateuch, emphasizing different divine names.
- Three primary sources identified: J, E, P, and D.
Source J
- Hypothesized source characterized by the use of the name Yahweh for God.
- Depicts a very humanlike portrayal of God.
- Considered the most complete source among the four.
Source E
- Defined by the consistent use of the term Elohim.
- Represents a fragmented source in the composition of the Torah.
Source P
- Known as the Priestly Source, focusing on religious laws and rituals.
- Includes regulations on the Sabbath and religious observance.
Source D
- Primarily located in the Book of Deuteronomy.
- Shares connections with the E source in its narratives and themes.
Gilgamesh
- Originally a tyrant from Babylon; transformed after the death of his friend Enkidu.
- Seeks immortality and discovers that it lies in the 'tree of life'.
Abraham
- Transitions from Abram to Abraham; called by God to leave Mesopotamia for Canaan.
- Becomes a nomadic shepherd, promised land, offspring, and blessings.
- Requires circumcision from himself and male descendants on the eighth day.
Sarah
- Formerly known as Sarai; partner of Abraham.
- Initially barren, gives birth at age 90 due to divine intervention.
Lot
- Nephew of Abraham; captured during Canaanite rebellions.
- Rescued by Abraham after being reported to him.
Julius Wellhausen
- German biblical scholar; major proponent of the documentary hypothesis.
- Explored the composition history of the Torah and early Islam.
Creation Narrative 1
- Sequence: light, dome, land/plants, heavenly bodies, creatures/birds, animals/humans.
- God is portrayed as commanding creation from above; humans created simultaneously.
Creation Narrative 2
- God engages more directly with creation, crafting man before animals and woman from man.
J Flood Account
- The flood lasts 40 days and nights, initiated by rain.
- Noah saves 7 pairs of clean animals and 2 of unclean; releases doves for sign of safety.
- Noah and the animals kept a vegetarian diet.
P Flood Account
- Describes flood as a reversal of creation, lasting a year.
- Noah releases a raven; allows consumption of meat.
- Emphasizes the covenant of the rainbow post-flood.
Kirta
- Legendary Amorite king known in Ugaritic texts.
Atrahasis
- An Akkadian epic about the flood sent by gods to annihilate humanity.
- Atrahasis is warned by the god Ea to build an ark for survival.
Phoenicians
- Renowned traders from cities near Egypt; neighbors of the Israelites.
- Developed the alphabet during the Middle Bronze Age; spoke a Semitic language.
Ammonites
- Ancient Semitic-speaking nation east of the Jordan River, in modern Jordan.
- Believed to be descended from Ben-ammi, son of Lot and his younger daughter.
Moabites
- Descendants of Moab, son of Lot’s elder daughter.
- Kingdom located around the Arnon River; capital at Dibon.
- Moabite language closely resembles Hebrew.
Marduk
- Significant deity in Babylonian mythology, known for his role in creation and order.
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