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Questions and Answers
What type of myths explain how things came to be through the intervention of supernatural beings?
What type of myths explain how things came to be through the intervention of supernatural beings?
Under the Spanish Colonial Period, what mainly became the focus of literature?
Under the Spanish Colonial Period, what mainly became the focus of literature?
Which writing system was replaced by the Roman alphabet during the Spanish Colonial era?
Which writing system was replaced by the Roman alphabet during the Spanish Colonial era?
What do Fables primarily deal with?
What do Fables primarily deal with?
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Which type of stories mainly involve odd, whimsical, or grotesque characters?
Which type of stories mainly involve odd, whimsical, or grotesque characters?
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What was the aim of the Spanish colonial strategy regarding native oral heritage?
What was the aim of the Spanish colonial strategy regarding native oral heritage?
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When was El Renacimiento founded?
When was El Renacimiento founded?
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What is the central theme of the short story 'Dead Stars' by Paz Marquez-Benitez?
What is the central theme of the short story 'Dead Stars' by Paz Marquez-Benitez?
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In 'Footnote to Youth' by Jose Garcia Villa, what decision does the young man make at a very young age?
In 'Footnote to Youth' by Jose Garcia Villa, what decision does the young man make at a very young age?
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What is the main focus of the play 'Walang Sugat' by Severino Reyes?
What is the main focus of the play 'Walang Sugat' by Severino Reyes?
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What conflict is depicted in the novel 'Banaag at Sikat' by Lope K. Santos?
What conflict is depicted in the novel 'Banaag at Sikat' by Lope K. Santos?
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During which historical period was the Philippines occupied by the Japanese?
During which historical period was the Philippines occupied by the Japanese?
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Which types of songs were common during the Pre-Colonial Period in the Philippines?
Which types of songs were common during the Pre-Colonial Period in the Philippines?
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What is a common characteristic of Functional Folk Epics in Philippine literature during the Pre-Colonial Period?
What is a common characteristic of Functional Folk Epics in Philippine literature during the Pre-Colonial Period?
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What did ancient Filipinos believe in during the Pre-Colonial Period?
What did ancient Filipinos believe in during the Pre-Colonial Period?
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Which literary genres were commonly found in Philippine literature during the Spanish Period (1565-1872)?
Which literary genres were commonly found in Philippine literature during the Spanish Period (1565-1872)?
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What was the primary mode of transmission for literature in the Pre-Colonial Period in the Philippines?
What was the primary mode of transmission for literature in the Pre-Colonial Period in the Philippines?
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Which period in Philippine literature followed the Japanese Period (1942-1945)?
Which period in Philippine literature followed the Japanese Period (1942-1945)?
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What was the name of the play written by Francisco 'Soc' Rodrigo that delved into themes of corruption, power, and morality?
What was the name of the play written by Francisco 'Soc' Rodrigo that delved into themes of corruption, power, and morality?
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During the Japanese Period, what was the new language introduced that was not well embraced by Filipinos?
During the Japanese Period, what was the new language introduced that was not well embraced by Filipinos?
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What is a Tanaga in Filipino poetry?
What is a Tanaga in Filipino poetry?
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How many syllables are typically in each line of a Haiku poem?
How many syllables are typically in each line of a Haiku poem?
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What did the Japanese Imperial Army do to the Liwayway magazine during the occupation?
What did the Japanese Imperial Army do to the Liwayway magazine during the occupation?
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What was the main focus of literature during the Japanese Period to escape Japanese control and censorship?
What was the main focus of literature during the Japanese Period to escape Japanese control and censorship?
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Which literary form is characterized by detailing the lives of saints or history of a tradition?
Which literary form is characterized by detailing the lives of saints or history of a tradition?
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In the context of Philippine literature during the Spanish Colonial era, what is a Tibag?
In the context of Philippine literature during the Spanish Colonial era, what is a Tibag?
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What is the main focus of a Pasyon in Philippine literature during the Spanish Colonial era?
What is the main focus of a Pasyon in Philippine literature during the Spanish Colonial era?
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Which type of literature is associated with the conflict between Christians and Muslims?
Which type of literature is associated with the conflict between Christians and Muslims?
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Which type of literature is usually sung and used in religious processions?
Which type of literature is usually sung and used in religious processions?
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What distinguishes the Doctrina Christiana in its content?
What distinguishes the Doctrina Christiana in its content?
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Study Notes
Overview of Philippine Literature
- Philippine literature is a reflection of humanity itself
- It is expressed in verbal or written form and can be categorized into prose and poetry
- The literature has undergone changes and developments throughout various periods in Philippine history
Pre-Colonial Period (-1565)
- Philippine literature during this period consisted of epics, legends, riddles, idioms, and proverbs
- Ancient Filipinos were animistic, believing in anitos, diwatas, good and bad spirits
- Types of songs:
- Uyayi: lullaby
- Kundiman: melancholic love song
- Harana: courtship song
- Mambayu: Kalinga rice-pounding song
- Subli: dance ritual song of courtship/marriage
- Tagulaylay: songs of the dead
- Functional folk epics: lengthy narrative poems revolving around supernatural events, heroic deeds, or folk heroes
- Examples: Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocano), Ibalon or Handiong (Bicolano), Ulalim (Kalinga), Hinilawod (Sulod)
- Functional myths: fictional stories that try to explain how things came to be through supernatural beings
- Examples: The Creation Myth (Tagalog), Bakit Maliwanag and Araw kaysa Buwan, Bakit Kumukulog at Kumikidlat?
- Functional legends: deals mainly with the origin of local phenomena or happenings
- Fables: deals with animals and inanimate beings made to speak and act like rational beings, teaching morals
- Fantastic stories: deals with the unseen world or the underworld, and with odd, whimsical, or grotesque characters
- Folktales: deals with humorous or heroic stories about native culture heroes, village idiots, tricksters, tramps, and Spanish
Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1872)
- Literature became centered on the Christian faith
- Stories about natural phenomena became all about the lives of the saints and other religious hymns
- "Alibata/Baybayin" was substituted by the Roman alphabet
- Spanish language contributed numerous words to the Filipino language
- The Doctrina Christiana: one of the earliest books printed in the Philippines using moveable type
- Corrido: a legendary religious narrative form that usually details the lives of saints or history of a tradition
- Awit: a chivalric poem about a hero, usually about a saint
- Pasyon: a narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ, beginning from His death
- Moro-moro or Comedia De Capa y Espada: a blood-and-thunder melodrama depicting the conflict of Christians and Muslims
- Carillo: a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle
- Tibag: the dramatic reenactment of St. Helena's search for the Holy Cross
- El Renacimiento (The Rebirth): a newspaper founded by Rafael Palma in 1901
American Period (1900-1942)
- Short stories:
- "Dead Stars" by Paz Marquez-Benitez: theme of forbidden love
- "Footnote to Youth" by Jose Garcia Villa: story of a young man who decided to marry his beloved lover at 17
- Plays:
- "Walang Sugat" by Severino Reyes: revolves around the injustices endured by Filipinos during the Spanish colonial era
- Novels:
- "Banaag at Sikat" by Lope K. Santos: reflects the conflict between different forces that arose in the early years of the American empire
Japanese Colonial Period (1942-1945)
- Literature was censored, and all publications except The Tribune and Philippine Review were banned
- Writers turned to writing in Filipino
- Liwayway magazine was produced, but eventually placed under strict surveillance and managed by a Japanese
- Literature during this period was described as pessimistic and bitter
- Topics and themes often dealt with life in the provinces to escape Japanese control and censorship
- Poetic forms:
- Haiku: a poem made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines
- Tanaga: a traditional Filipino poetic form composed of four lines with seven syllables each
- Dramas:
- "Pula sa Puti" by Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo: a play that dives deep into themes of corruption, power, and morality
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Description
Explore the significance of the Doctrina Christiana, one of the earliest books printed in the Philippines using moveable type, containing prayers, catechisms, and instructions on the Christian faith during the Spanish Colonial era.
