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Questions and Answers
What are the typical symptoms of acute poisoning by organophosphates and carbamates?
What is the medical treatment for bronchorrhea and bronchospasm caused by organophosphate and carbamate poisoning?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of muscarinic toxicity caused by organophosphate and carbamate poisoning?
What is the mechanism of action of organophosphates and carbamates as insecticides?
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Which of the following is a long-term effect of organophosphate poisoning?
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What is the diagnostic test for organophosphate and carbamate poisoning?
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Which of the following is a medical use of organophosphates?
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What are the symptoms of acute poisoning with organophosphates and carbamates?
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Which of the following is used to treat bronchorrhea and bronchospasm caused by organophosphate and carbamate poisoning?
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What is the mechanism of action of organophosphates and carbamates?
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Which of the following is NOT a muscarinic symptom of organophosphate and carbamate poisoning?
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What is the long-term effect of organophosphate poisoning?
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Which of the following is NOT a common organophosphate or carbamate insecticide?
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What is the treatment for neuromuscular toxicity caused by organophosphate and carbamate poisoning?
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Study Notes
Organophosphates and Carbamates: Insecticides and Causes of Poisoning
- Organophosphates and carbamates are insecticides that inhibit cholinesterase activity, causing acute muscarinic manifestations.
- Muscarinic symptoms include salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, emesis, bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, miosis, and sometimes nicotinic symptoms such as muscle fasciculation and weakness.
- Neuropathy can develop days to weeks after exposure, and diagnosis is made through clinical observation and sometimes a trial of atropine or measurement of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase level.
- Bronchorrhea and bronchospasm are treated with titrated high-dose atropine, while neuromuscular toxicity is treated with IV pralidoxime.
- Organophosphates and carbamates both inhibit cholinesterase activity, and some are used medically for various conditions including neuromuscular blockade reversal, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, and Alzheimer's disease.
- Some organophosphates were developed as nerve agents for use in warfare, including sarin.
- Commonly used organophosphates and carbamates as insecticides include Aldicarb, methomyl, Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dursban, fenthion, malathion, and parathion.
- These chemicals are a common cause of poisoning and poison-related deaths worldwide.
- Organophosphates and carbamates are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin, and can irreversibly bind to cholinesterase.
- Symptoms of acute poisoning include both muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic symptoms, with muscle fasciculations and weakness being typical and respiratory findings including rhonchi, wheezing, and hypoxia.
- Central nervous system toxicity is common, sometimes with seizures and excitability and often with lethargy and coma.
- Long-term effects of organophosphate poisoning may include cognitive deficits or parkinsonism, and supportive therapy is key in treatment, with close monitoring for respiratory failure.
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Description
Think you know about the dangers of organophosphates and carbamates? Test your knowledge with our quiz on these insecticides and their impact on human health. From understanding the symptoms of acute poisoning to the long-term effects of exposure, this quiz covers all the essential information you need to know. Don't miss out on the chance to learn more about this common cause of poisoning and poison-related deaths worldwide.
