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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of a stub zone?
What type of DNS zone has a read-only copy of zone data?
What is the purpose of DNS zone replication?
What is the difference between primary and secondary zones?
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What is the purpose of active directory integrated zones?
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What is required for active directory integrated zones to replicate DNS zone information?
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What is the difference between a primary zone and an active directory integrated zone?
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What is the purpose of a primary zone?
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What type of DNS zone is used for reverse DNS lookups?
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What is the purpose of DNS caching?
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What is the primary function of a secondary zone in DNS?
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What type of DNS record is used to specify a service on a specific host or port?
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What is the main purpose of DNSSEC?
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What type of DNS zone is used to integrate DNS with Active Directory?
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What is the purpose of a stub zone in DNS?
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What is the minimum number of domain controllers required per domain?
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What is the purpose of a domain controller in Active Directory?
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What is the purpose of a forest in Active Directory?
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What is the purpose of root hints in a DNS server?
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What is the primary difference between Active Directory-integrated zones and traditional DNS zones?
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What is the purpose of DNS zone replication?
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What type of DNS zone is used to make all changes?
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What is the purpose of a forward zone in a DNS server?
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What is the purpose of a reverse zone in a DNS server?
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What is the main benefit of using DNS zone replication?
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What is the main difference between DNS zone replication and DNS forwarding?
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What is the purpose of DNS zone types?
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What is the main benefit of using Active Directory-integrated zones?
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Study Notes
DNS Fundamentals
- A DNS record is a part of a zone that contains information about a domain.
- Types of DNS records:
- A record: IPv4 host address record.
- PTR record: pointer record (reverse of A).
- SOA record: Start of Authority (contains data to control the zone transfer).
- CNAME record: alias record.
- NS record: name server record (contains name of authoritative name server in a DNS zone).
- AAAA record: IPv6 host address record.
- SRV record: service record, specifies host and port for specific services.
DNS Zone Types
- Primary zone: zone where all changes are made, has read/write copy of zone data, and located in c:\windows\system32\dns.
- Secondary zone: zone where primary replicates to, can't process updates from client computers, and has read-only copy of zone data.
- Stub zone: contains data of another zone for search purpose, used to find the right server containing the zone instead of searching every server for a specific zone.
- Active directory integrated zones: replicates DNS zone info using AD DS replication, every domain controller needs DNS enabled, and can only replicate from 1 integrated zone to another.
DNS Dynamic Updates
- None: records are manually added.
- Nonsecure and secure: clients can perform updates.
- Secure only: AD domain clients can perform updates.
DNS Name Resolution
- DNS Recursive query: a query sent to a local DNS server that requires a complete answer from the server (entire FQDN or entire IP address).
- DNS Iterative query: queries sent to different DNS servers to find the answer to the recursive query.
DNS Caching
- Temporarily stores info about previous DNS lookups and stores them on the DNS server.
- Located in c:\windows\system32\dns.
Active Directory Domain Service (AD DS)
- On-premise hosted directory that connects all computers to a local directory called domain.
- Centralizes and simplifies administration of users that are domain-joined.
- Domain: group of objects (users, ...) that share the same AD database.
Domain Controller
- Runs AD DS and holds a copy of the database.
- Replicates changes with other DC's.
- Used for authenticating users and determining access.
- Minimum of 2 DCs per domain for redundancy.
AD Database
- Stores all objects.
- 1 Domain controller is needed to create AD database.
- Objects have attributes (username, password, email, ...).
- 2 types of objects: containers and leaf.
AD DS Structure
- Trees: group of domains, 2-way trust between parent and child, child inherits from parent.
- Forest: group of AD trees, all domains in tree share same schema, Global Catalog.
DNSSEC
- Security for DNS zone.
- Zone and all records in it are asymmetric encrypted (public and private key).
- Public key is in Trust Point folder on DNS server.
- Not confidential for data.
- Assures clients that the DNS in use is a valid one and not a hacker.
DHCP
- Automatically gives an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, domain name, and DNS server to end devices.
- Minimizes errors caused by static IP.
- Reduces network administration.
- Optional feature in Windows Server.
- UDP port: 67, 68.
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Description
Learn about DNS zones, records, and types, including primary zones, forward zones, and reverse zones. Understand how DNS resolves hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa.
