DNA vs. RNA: A Quick Comparison

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What is the enzyme that binds to transcription factors at the start of a gene during transcription?

Helicase

DNA polymerase

Ligase

RNA polymerase II (correct)

During transcription, where does RNA polymerase add matching complementary ribonucleotides?

5' end of the growing mRNA strand

3' end of the growing mRNA strand (correct)

In the middle of the gene sequence

On both strands of the DNA simultaneously

What happens as RNA polymerase moves forward during transcription?

The DNA duplicates itself

The DNA re-coils behind it (correct)

The DNA strand remains static

The DNA strand is cut by RNA polymerase

Where does transcription start on a gene sequence?

TATA box Signup and view all the answers

What determines the specificity of turning genes on and off during transcription?

Transcription factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar present in DNA?

Deoxyribose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA?

Unstable and single-stranded Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA directs protein production?

mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Match nucleotides in mRNA with correct amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA code for in addition to proteins?

tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, etc. Signup and view all the answers

Which specific sequence in the initiation of transcription allows general transcription factors and RNA Polymerase to bind?

TATA box Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Poly-A tail added to the end of mRNA?

Protects mRNA from damaging enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Cap added to the front end (5' end) of mRNA?

Aids in binding mRNA to the ribosome and protects it Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Splicing in RNA processing?

Remove introns and keep exons for protein coding Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Leader and Trailer Sequences in mRNA?

Help attach mRNA to ribosomes and regulate translation Signup and view all the answers

Which structure ensures that mRNA binds to ribosomes and leaves the nucleus properly?

Cap at the 5' end Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Spliceosome in RNA processing?

Splice out introns and leave exons for protein coding Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the 3’UTR in mRNA?

Controlling mRNA stability Signup and view all the answers

In the decoding translation space, what does the triplet '64,65,66' correspond to?

Codon for amino acid I Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are coded for in the sequence '25,26,27,52,53,54,34,35,36' as per the decoding translation space?

Nine amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a triplet of mRNA that codes for an amino acid?

Codon Signup and view all the answers

If each nucleotide codes for 1 amino acid, how many nucleotides are needed to code for 20 amino acids?

60 nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic describes the genetic code's relationship with amino acids?

'Multiple codons-multiple amino acids' degenerate relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the signal recognition particle (SRP) in protein synthesis?

Attaches the growing amino acid chain to the ER Signup and view all the answers

What happens during post-translational modifications inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Lipids are added Signup and view all the answers

How do frameshift mutations differ from point mutations?

Point mutations alter the reading frame Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of lengthening a protein due to a mutation?

Changes the stop codon Signup and view all the answers

How does a cell typically respond when it acquires a mutation during replication?

Fixes the mutation with repair enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential outcome if a sperm or egg cell has acquired a mutation?

'Good', 'bad', or inconsequential effects on the organism Signup and view all the answers