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Questions and Answers
What was one of the first complete genes synthesized in 1972?
What advancement does artificial gene synthesis allow that distinguishes it from traditional methods?
What is the approximate range of base pairs that the automated synthesis method is commonly used for?
What is a potential benefit of creating additional nucleobase pairs in synthetic DNA?
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What significant achievement did Jef Boeke's group accomplish in March 2014?
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Which company is known for building machines used in automated DNA synthesis?
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How many amino acids can potentially result from synthesizing proteins with additional nucleobase pairs?
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What is one of the important applications of artificial gene synthesis in technology?
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What did Boyer accomplish in the field of artificial gene synthesis?
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What is a key characteristic of machines used for DNA synthesis in comparison to traditional methods?
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Study Notes
DNA Synthesis Overview
- Artificial gene synthesis enables the creation of DNA sequences without prior templates or existing natural counterparts.
- The first complete gene synthesis, a yeast tRNA gene, was achieved in 1972 by Khorana and his team.
Key Milestones in Gene Synthesis
- Boyer synthesized the first peptide-coding gene.
- Markham completed the first protein-coding gene synthesis.
- This pioneering work opened avenues for various applications in synthetic biology.
Technological Advances
- Companies like Gen9 have developed machines capable of producing completely synthetic DNA.
- No limits exist on nucleotide sequence or size during synthesis.
- Economical synthesis is effective for DNA sizes ranging from 500 to 10,000 base pairs.
- Capable of generating functional bacterial chromosomes approximately one million base pairs in length.
Innovations in Nucleotide Composition
- Recent studies indicate the potential to develop new nucleobase pairs beyond the existing two natural pairs.
- This advancement could theoretically increase the number of amino acids beyond the current 20 used in natural proteins to 172.
Applications of Artificial Gene Synthesis
- A vital tool in recombinant DNA technology.
- Plays a significant role in fields such as transgenics, vaccine development, gene therapy, and molecular engineering.
Notable Research Achievements
- In March 2014, Jef Boeke's research team reported successfully synthesizing chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the journal Science.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamentals of DNA synthesis, focusing on artificial gene synthesis methods that do not require a preexisting DNA sequence. Learn about the historical milestones in gene synthesis, including the first complete gene created and advances made since the 1970s.
