DNA Synthesis Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the first complete genes synthesized in 1972?

  • A gene for human insulin
  • A gene for a viral protein
  • A gene for bacterial tRNA
  • A gene for yeast tRNA (correct)
  • What advancement does artificial gene synthesis allow that distinguishes it from traditional methods?

  • It requires preexisting DNA sequences.
  • It relies on extraction from living organisms.
  • It is limited to short DNA segments.
  • It can synthesize entire genes without a natural counterpart. (correct)
  • What is the approximate range of base pairs that the automated synthesis method is commonly used for?

  • 1000-5000 base pairs
  • 10,000-1,000,000 base pairs
  • 500-10,000 base pairs (correct)
  • 100-500 base pairs
  • What is a potential benefit of creating additional nucleobase pairs in synthetic DNA?

    <p>It could enable the synthesis of new proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant achievement did Jef Boeke's group accomplish in March 2014?

    <p>They synthesized one of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company is known for building machines used in automated DNA synthesis?

    <p>Gen9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many amino acids can potentially result from synthesizing proteins with additional nucleobase pairs?

    <p>172</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the important applications of artificial gene synthesis in technology?

    <p>Vaccine development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Boyer accomplish in the field of artificial gene synthesis?

    <p>Synthesis of the first peptide-coding gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of machines used for DNA synthesis in comparison to traditional methods?

    <p>They can create DNA without a natural template.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Synthesis Overview

    • Artificial gene synthesis enables the creation of DNA sequences without prior templates or existing natural counterparts.
    • The first complete gene synthesis, a yeast tRNA gene, was achieved in 1972 by Khorana and his team.

    Key Milestones in Gene Synthesis

    • Boyer synthesized the first peptide-coding gene.
    • Markham completed the first protein-coding gene synthesis.
    • This pioneering work opened avenues for various applications in synthetic biology.

    Technological Advances

    • Companies like Gen9 have developed machines capable of producing completely synthetic DNA.
    • No limits exist on nucleotide sequence or size during synthesis.
    • Economical synthesis is effective for DNA sizes ranging from 500 to 10,000 base pairs.
    • Capable of generating functional bacterial chromosomes approximately one million base pairs in length.

    Innovations in Nucleotide Composition

    • Recent studies indicate the potential to develop new nucleobase pairs beyond the existing two natural pairs.
    • This advancement could theoretically increase the number of amino acids beyond the current 20 used in natural proteins to 172.

    Applications of Artificial Gene Synthesis

    • A vital tool in recombinant DNA technology.
    • Plays a significant role in fields such as transgenics, vaccine development, gene therapy, and molecular engineering.

    Notable Research Achievements

    • In March 2014, Jef Boeke's research team reported successfully synthesizing chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the journal Science.

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    DNA Synthesis.docx

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of DNA synthesis, focusing on artificial gene synthesis methods that do not require a preexisting DNA sequence. Learn about the historical milestones in gene synthesis, including the first complete gene created and advances made since the 1970s.

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