DNA Structure and Polymerase Processivity
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the major groove in DNA?

  • To provide structural stability to the helix
  • To store genetic information
  • To expose the edges of the bases for protein binding (correct)
  • To create stronger hydrogen bonds
  • The minor groove is wider and deeper than the major groove.

    False

    How many nucleotides are approximately encompassed in a single turn of the DNA helix?

    ten

    What is the primary function of the sliding clamp in DNA synthesis?

    <p>To keep DNA polymerase anchored to the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Processivity refers to DNA polymerase's ability to frequently detach from DNA during synthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The major groove of DNA is approximately _____ Å wide.

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following grooves with their characteristics:

    <p>Major Groove = Approximately 22 Å wide and deep Minor Groove = About 12 Å wide and shallow Accessibility = More accessible to proteins Interaction = Involves proteins binding to the sides of exposed bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape does the sliding clamp resemble?

    <p>a doughnut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The property of DNA polymerase that maximizes the speed of DNA synthesis is known as __________.

    <p>processivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their respective descriptions:

    <p>DNA Polymerase = Catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation Sliding Clamp = Anchors polymerase to DNA Template DNA = Serves as a guide for new strand synthesis Daughter Strand = The newly synthesized DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Polymerase Processivity

    • DNA polymerase's ability to bind and repeatedly add nucleotides to the growing daughter strand is called processivity.
    • Processivity ensures rapid DNA synthesis, preventing frequent detachment and reattachment.
    • The sliding clamp, a protein complex, acts as a doughnut around the DNA, keeping the polymerase anchored.
    • The sliding clamp encircles the DNA strand, with the DNA passing through the centre of the clamp, allowing the polymerase to slide along the DNA during synthesis.

    DNA Major and Minor Grooves

    • The DNA double helix has alternating major and minor grooves, which are a result of the alternating pattern of the sugar-phosphate backbone.
    • The directionality of nucleic acids is determined by the 5' and 3' carbons on the ribose ring.
    • One full turn of the DNA helix contains ten nucleotides with a major and minor groove.
    • The major groove is wider (~22 Å) and more accessible for proteins than the minor groove (~12 Å).
    • The major groove provides a wider space for proteins to bind to specific DNA sequences, critical for processes like transcription factor binding.
    • The difference in width between the major and minor groove allows for selective interaction with proteins involved in various cellular processes, including replication, transcription, activation, repression, and repair.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of DNA structure, including the major and minor grooves, and explores the processivity of DNA polymerase. Understand how the sliding clamp enhances DNA synthesis and the significance of grooves in protein interactions. Test your knowledge on these critical components of molecular biology.

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