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DNA Structure and Gene Expression
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DNA Structure and Gene Expression

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Questions and Answers

How do changes in the length of day influence phenotypes?

  • They have no effect on the organism's traits.
  • They affect the availability of resources in the environment.
  • They directly alter the organism's DNA structure.
  • They signal changes in gene expression. (correct)

    • What is an example of how a phenotype can become a maladaptation due to environmental changes?

  • Snowshoe Rabbits changing color from winter to summer.
  • Plants growing taller in areas with more sunlight.
  • Organisms binge eating in competitive environments. (correct)
  • Wolves in the wild developing social hierarchies.

    • What role do genes play in determining an organism's traits?

  • They directly influence an organism's behavior.
  • They create environmental conditions for survival.
  • They have no significant influence on traits.
  • They encode information that is transcribed into proteins. (correct)

    • How might environmental factors impact organism growth?

    <p>They may lead to physical development issues like underweight conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the debate of nature versus nurture, what could be argued as a component of 'nurture'?

    <p>The environmental conditions affecting an organism's development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is DNA located within the cell?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between chromosomes and genes?

    <p>Chromosomes are made up of proteins and DNA, including sections called genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines dominant and recessive alleles?

    <p>Dominant alleles suppress the expression of recessive alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes homozygous alleles?

    <p>They consist of two identical alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the base pairing in DNA?

    <p>Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do genes relate to proteins?

    <p>Genes contain the code that is transcribed into mRNA to build specific proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do proteins play in determining an organism's traits?

    <p>The amino acids in proteins determine their 3D shape and functions, affecting traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of mutations in DNA?

    <p>Mutations can change the structure of DNA at a specific gene locus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the premature termination of a protein during its production?

    <p>An insertion or deletion mutation in the DNA sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mutations has a harmful effect on the organism?

    <p>Substitution mutation leading to cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can mutations be beneficial to an organism?

    <p>By providing resistance against certain antibiotics in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between genotype and phenotype?

    <p>Genotype is the genetic code of traits, while phenotype is how those traits are expressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation results in no change at the level of amino acids?

    <p>Silent mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes mutations caused by environmental factors?

    <p>Mutations caused by chemicals and radiation that impact DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen when there is a deletion of a DNA sequence in one chromosome?

    <p>An insertion of a sequence in the corresponding chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phenotype is influenced primarily by which of the following?

    <p>Genotype coding for traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Structure

    • Chromosomes are made of proteins and DNA, which are sections of genes
    • Genes are long strands of DNA that code for proteins
    • Alleles are the chemical code for traits
    • Adenine binds with Thymine, and Cytosine binds with Guanine
    • These base pairs bond with hydrogen bonds and create the "ladder" rungs of DNA
    • This double helix structure allows the molecule to spiral around itself
    • Mutations can alter the structure of DNA by changing the usual DNA sequence, affecting the structure of chromosomes and the production of proteins

    Gene Expression

    • Mutations are changes in the usual DNA sequence at a specific locus
    • Mutations can be caused by errors in DNA replication or by mutagens like chemicals and radiation
    • Mutations can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial
    • Silent mutations don’t change the amino acid or its functionality
    • Harmful mutations can lead to genetic diseases
    • Beneficial mutations can lead to resistance to diseases
    • Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., TT, Tt, tt), and Phenotype is the physical representation of that trait (e.g., curly hair)

    Environmental Impact

    • Phenotypes can change based on the environment
    • Environmental factors like length of day can affect gene expression (Example: Snowshoe Rabbit turns white in winter and brown in summer)
    • Phenotypes adapted to one environment can become maladaptive if the environment changes (Example: Wolves in the wild vs. domesticated wolves)
    • Environmental factors can affect organism growth and survival (Example: People in countries with limited access to nourishment may be shorter and underweight)

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    Description

    Explore the intricate details of DNA structure and the mechanisms of gene expression in this quiz. Understand how mutations can impact genetic information and the implications for traits and diseases. Test your knowledge on core concepts like base pairing, the double helix, and the types of mutations.

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