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Questions and Answers
What is the process of identifying criminals using DNA samples called?
What is the process of identifying criminals using DNA samples called?
Where does transcription, the first stage of protein synthesis, take place?
Where does transcription, the first stage of protein synthesis, take place?
What type of RNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
What type of RNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
What can DNA profiling be used to identify?
What can DNA profiling be used to identify?
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Which type of error may make DNA analysis unreliable?
Which type of error may make DNA analysis unreliable?
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Study Notes
Function of the Nucleus
- Carries genetic material critical for cellular functions.
Types of Nucleic Acids
- Two main types:
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
- RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
Structure of Nucleic Acids
- DNA consists of:
- Sugar-phosphate backbone
- Nitrogenous bases
- RNA consists of:
- Sugar-phosphate backbone
- Nitrogenous bases
Nucleotides
- Building blocks of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
Nitrogenous Bases
- DNA:
- Adenine (A)
- Thymine (T)
- Guanine (G)
- Cytosine (C)
- RNA:
- Adenine (A)
- Uracil (U)
- Guanine (G)
- Cytosine (C)
DNA History
- Watson and Crick proposed the double helix structure of DNA.
- Wilkins and Franklin contributed X-ray photographs, aiding in the DNA structure understanding.
- Watson, Crick, and Wilkins collectively won the Nobel Prize for their contributions.
Location of DNA
- Primarily located in the nucleus of a cell.
- Extra nuclear DNA refers to DNA found outside the nucleus.
Structure of DNA
- Considered a long molecule shaped as a double helix.
- Contains deoxyribose sugar.
- Features weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.
- Thymine is present in DNA instead of uracil.
Function of DNA
- Controls protein synthesis within the cell.
- Acts as a template for DNA replication, a crucial process for cell division.
Process of DNA Replication
- Occurs in the nucleus during interphase.
- Steps involved:
- Unwinding of the DNA molecule.
- Breaking of weak hydrogen bonds.
- Each original strand serves as a template for new strands.
- Free nucleotides attach to the corresponding template strand.
- Results in the formation of two identical DNA molecules.
Significance of DNA Replication
- Essential for doubling genetic information, ensuring each new cell has a complete set of DNA.
DNA Profiling
- A technique used to identify genetic identity and relationships among individuals.
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Description
Learn about the function of the nucleus and the structure of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. Explore the building blocks of nucleic acids, the nitrogenous bases, and the history of DNA discovery by Watson and Crick.
