DNA Structure and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the structural configuration of DNA?

  • Single-stranded molecule
  • Triple-helix structure
  • Double-helix made of two antiparallel strands (correct)
  • Circular structure with no strands

Which base pairs are correctly matched in the DNA structure?

  • Cytosine (C) pairs with Thymine (T)
  • Adenine (A) pairs with Cytosine (C)
  • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) (correct)
  • Guanine (G) pairs with Thymine (T)

What role does the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA serve?

  • It determines the type of cell.
  • It determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. (correct)
  • It protects DNA from damage.
  • It stores and transmits energy.

What type of bonds hold the DNA strands together?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA?

<p>To store and transmit genetic information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the nucleotide bases that make up DNA?

<p>Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pairing rule for nucleotide bases in DNA?

<p>A pairs with T and G pairs with C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientists contributed to the discovery of the DNA structure in 1953?

<p>James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the double-helix structure of DNA held together?

<p>By hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is commonly used for determining the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA?

<p>Sanger sequencing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the sequences of bases in DNA determine?

<p>The sequence of amino acids in a protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Rosalind Franklin's contribution to the discovery of DNA structure significant?

<p>Her X-ray crystallography provided crucial insights into DNA's structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the DNA sequence in a zygote is altered slightly?

<p>It can result in a completely different animal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic best describes the strands of DNA?

<p>They run antiparallel to each other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about hydrogen bonds in DNA is correct?

<p>They form between pairs of nucleotides on opposite strands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary outcome of the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA?

<p>It influences the synthesis of proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which base pairing in DNA is correctly coupled?

<p>Cytosine with Guanine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT part of DNA's structure?

<p>Three strands twisted together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the scientists that proposed the double-helix structure of DNA?

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of DNA, what does the term 'antiparallel' refer to?

<p>The direction of the two DNA strands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds connect the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a codon in the context of DNA?

<p>A three-letter code for an amino acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which base pairs match correctly in a DNA molecule?

<p>A with T (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist did not share the Nobel Prize for the discovery of DNA's structure?

<p>Rosalind Franklin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

<p>The sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

DNA structure

DNA is a double helix made of nucleotides (A, T, C, G) that pair up (A with T, C with G).

DNA function

DNA stores and transmits genetic information, determining protein function and structure.

Nucleotide bases

The building blocks of DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

Antiparallel strands

The two DNA strands run in opposite directions, 3' to 5' and 5' to 3'.

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DNA sequencing

Determining the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule.

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Base Pairing

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

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DNA discovery

The structure of DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick, with key contributions from Franklin and Wilkins.

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Genetic code

The sequence of DNA bases determines amino acid sequence, and ultimately protein function.

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Sanger method

A common DNA sequencing method using dideoxy nucleotides (ddNTPs).

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DNA strands

Two long chains of nucleotides that make up a DNA molecule. They run in opposite directions, one going 5' to 3', the other 3' to 5'.

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Hydrogen bonds

Weak chemical bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together. These bonds form between complementary base pairs.

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DNA transmits genetic information

The sequence of bases in DNA carries instructions for building proteins. These instructions are passed from parent to offspring.

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What is DNA?

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms and many viruses.

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DNA Structure: Double Helix

DNA's structure is a double helix, like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of sugar and phosphate molecules, and the rungs are made of four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

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Function of DNA

DNA's primary function is to store and transmit genetic information. This information is encoded in the sequence of bases, which determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

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DNA Sequencing: Unraveling the Code

DNA sequencing is the process of determining the order of bases in a DNA molecule. It's like reading the instructions written in the DNA code.

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Study Notes

DNA Structure and Function

  • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule containing genetic instructions vital for all living organisms and many viruses.
  • A long, double-helixed molecule.
  • Composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
  • These bases pair specifically: A with T, and G with C.
  • Discovered in 1953 by Watson and Crick, with key contributions from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.
  • Double helix consists of two antiparallel strands (3' end of one strand with 5' end of the other).
  • Hydrogen bonds hold the double helix together.

DNA Function

  • Stores and transmits genetic information.
  • Information encoded in the sequence of nucleotide bases.
  • Base sequence dictates amino acid sequence in proteins.
  • Amino acid sequence determines protein function and structure.

DNA Sequencing

  • Determining DNA base sequence involves breaking down the molecule and analyzing smaller pieces.
  • Sanger method uses dideoxy nucleotides (ddNTPs) to stop DNA strand extension at specific bases.
  • Multiple reactions with different ddNTPs yield the original DNA sequence.

Key Scientists and Contributors

  • James Watson and Francis Crick: Crucial in determining the DNA double-helix structure.
  • Rosalind Franklin: Significant contributions to the discovery but did not receive Nobel Prize (awarded posthumously).
  • Maurice Wilkins: Collaborated on the structural determination of DNA.

Further Understanding (Quotes and Examples)

  • DNA is the secret of life; it contains a three-letter code (codons) that determines amino acids.
  • Minor changes in a zygote's code can dramatically alter the resulting organism.

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