DNA Structure and Function Quiz

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Match the base pairs in DNA:

Adenine = Thymine Guanine = Cytosine Thymine = Adenine Cytosine = Guanine

Match the DNA components with their functions:

Nucleotide = Building block of DNA Amino Acid = Building block of proteins Protein = Function determined by amino acid sequence DNA = Template for protein synthesis

Match the effect of a nucleotide change:

G-A-G to G-T-G = Glutamine to Valine C-G-T to C-G-A = Alanine to Arginine A-T-C to A-G-C = Methionine to Serine T-A-G to T-G-G = Tyrosine to Glycine

Match the steps of DNA replication:

Unwinding = Separation of DNA strands Base pairing = Recreating DNA's double helix Nucleotide addition = Matching free nucleotides to templates Completion = Forming a new DNA strand Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions in DNA typing:

Tandem Repeats = Sequences of bases repeated numerous times Polymorphisms = Variations in DNA sequences among individuals RFLP = Restriction fragment length polymorphisms Core Sequence = The segment of DNA that repeats itself Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes in DNA analysis with their descriptions:

Electrophoresis = Separation of DNA fragments by size Southern blotting = Transfer of DNA fragments to a nylon membrane Hybridization = Binding of complementary sequences X-ray exposure = Visualizing DNA fragments on film Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of DNA repeats with their characteristics:

Two Repeats = A specific number of tandem repeats found in DNA Three Repeats = Another variation of tandem repeat in DNA Long Repeating Strands = Associated with RFLP in DNA typing Filler or Spacers = Role of tandem repeats between coding regions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their meanings in the context of RFLP testing:

RFLP = Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Probes = Radioactive sequences used for detection Gel plate = Medium for electrophoresis Band pattern = Resulting visual representation of DNA fragments Signup and view all the answers

Match the following steps in DNA testing with their order of occurrence:

Cutting DNA with enzymes = First step in RFLP analysis Electrophoresis = Separation of fragments Southern blotting = Transfer to nylon membrane X-ray film exposure = Final visualization of results Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their correct terms in DNA typing:

Tandem Repeats = Offer means to distinguish individuals Restriction Fragments = DNA segments used in RFLP Coding Regions = Parts of DNA that contain instructions DNA Typing = Process of identifying individuals based on DNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of DNA movement with their characteristics:

Smaller fragments = Move faster on the gel Larger fragments = Move slower on the gel Radioactive probes = Used in hybridization Nylon membrane = Where fragments are transferred Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pairs of terms with their connections in DNA sequencing:

DNA Molecule = Contains sequences of bases Forensic Scientist = Uses tandem repeats for identification Variation = Exists in the number of repeats per individual Human DNA = All have the same type of tandem repeats Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of DNA typing with their functions:

Codons = Segments that code for proteins Base Sequence = The order of nucleotides in DNA Repeat Variations = Differentiates individuals in forensics Restriction Enzymes = Used to cut DNA at specific sites Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the DNA analysis process with their functions:

Restriction enzymes = Cut DNA into fragments DNA fragments = Subjects for electrophoresis X-ray film = Detects radioactive signals Nylon membrane = Surface for fragment visualization Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to DNA with their definitions:

DNA Typing = Method for individual DNA identification Tandem = Repeats arranged one after another Restriction Fragment = Segment after DNA is cut Polymorphism = Different forms of DNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements of the hybridization process with their roles:

Complementary base sequence = Matches the RFLPs Radioactive probes = Tag to identify fragments Nylon sheet = Holds the transferred fragments Film exposure = Reveals the DNA pattern Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions to their relevant terms in forensic DNA analysis:

Filler between coding regions = Function of tandem repeats Identifies variation among humans = Role of tandem repeats Standard length of core sequences = 15 to 35 bases Number of repeats varies greatly = Characteristic of human DNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following steps to their related techniques:

Gel electrophoresis = Separates DNA by size Hybridization = Identifies specific DNA fragments Southern blotting = Transfers DNA to a medium X-ray film processing = Visualizes results Signup and view all the answers

Match these phrases with their corresponding concepts in DNA:

DNA Stream = Consists of nucleotides Human Variation = Crucial for forensic analysis DNA Identification = Utilizes RFLP technique Repetitive Sequences = Common in all human DNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their significance in DNA fragment analysis:

Band appearance = Indicates presence of DNA fragments Faster movement of fragments = Smaller size of DNA Comparison of band patterns = Identifies matches between samples Radioactive probes = Enhance detection of specific sequences Signup and view all the answers

Match the biological evidence packaging methods with their descriptions:

Plastic containers = Should be avoided due to moisture accumulation Paper bags = Recommended for packaging stained articles Vacuum tubes with EDTA = Used for whole blood collection for DNA typing Sterile cotton swab = Used for removing dried blood from surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of DNA specimen collection methods with their descriptions:

Blood sample = Standard/reference DNA specimen Buccal swab = Swabbing the mouth and cheek for DNA Dried blood removal = Involves using a moistened swab Refrigeration = Recommended storage for biological evidence until lab delivery Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of storage conditions for biological evidence with their requirements:

Cool location = Recommended for all biological evidence Air dried swabs = Should be placed in a paper or manila envelope Vacuum tubes = Contain preservative EDTA for blood Well-ventilated box = An option for packaging stained articles Signup and view all the answers

Match the biological evidence types with their handling instructions:

Stained articles = Should be packaged separately Whole blood = Requires vacuum tube with preservative Dried blood = Should be removed with a moistened swab Biological evidence = Must be refrigerated until lab delivery Signup and view all the answers

Match the problems with packaging biological evidence to their causes:

Moisture accumulation = Can lead to growth of DNA-destroying bacteria Using plastic containers = Causes potential moisture buildup Improper storage = Might affect the integrity of evidence Inadequate packaging = Could lead to contamination of samples Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases/disorders with their descriptions:

Sickle-cell anemia = A genetic disorder caused by a mutation in hemoglobin Diabetes = Condition managed by recombinant DNA-produced insulin Cancer = Illness that can be understood through Human Genome Project Genetic defects = Issues that cannot currently be determined by DNA profiling Signup and view all the answers

Match the following DNA technology terms with their uses:

Gene splicing = Developing bacteria to synthesize insulin DNA profiling = Comparing DNA types from crime scenes Recombinant DNA technology = Producing growth hormone Human Genome Project = Understanding genetic disease causes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of CODIS with their functions:

Convicted offender profiles = Maintain a database for comparison Unsolved crime scene evidence = Link evidence to possible suspects Missing persons profiles = Assist in identifying individuals FBI = Developed CODIS software Signup and view all the answers

Match the evidence handling practices with their requirements:

Photographing evidence = First step before collection Wearing gloves = Essential for contamination prevention Collecting victim clothing = Necessary if blood is present Recording sketches = Important for evidence documentation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their relevance to forensic science:

DNA typing = Significant for crime scene investigations Insulin production = Revolutionized by recombinant DNA Evolution implications = Revealed by Human Genome Project Aiding genetic diseases = Utilizes information from the Human Genome Project Signup and view all the answers

Match the genetic technologies with their specific features:

Recombinant DNA = Allows production of synthetic hormones DNA profiling = Compares genetic profiles from various sources Gene therapy = Treats genetic disorders at the molecular level Human Genome Project = Maps gene locations on chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of DNA evidence with their significance:

Blood evidence = Can link suspects to crimes Gene location = Identified through genome mapping DNA databases = Facilitate quick identification Evidence collection = Critical for case investigations Signup and view all the answers

Match the technologies with their implications in medicine:

Gene splicing = Used to improve insulin production Human Genome Project = Enhances understanding of genetic conditions DNA profiling = May help trace hereditary diseases Recombinant DNA = Critical for producing medical treatments Signup and view all the answers