DNA Structure and Function

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Explain the structure of DNA and its composition.

DNA is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. It carries genetic instructions and is composed of nucleotides, each consisting of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase, a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.

What are the four nitrogen-containing nucleobases found in DNA?

The four nitrogen-containing nucleobases in DNA are cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T).

Explain the process of base pairing in DNA.

In DNA, base pairing occurs between adenine (A) and thymine (T), and between cytosine (C) and guanine (G). These pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds, forming the double-stranded structure of DNA.

What are the major types of macromolecules essential for life, and where do nucleic acids fit into this classification?

<p>The major types of macromolecules essential for life are proteins, lipids, complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), and nucleic acids. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are essential for the genetic instructions and information storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the bonding and structure of the nucleotides in DNA.

<p>Nucleotides in DNA are composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase, a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. These nucleotides are joined together in a chain by covalent bonds (phosphodiester linkage) between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, forming an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone.</p> Signup and view all the answers