18 Questions
What is the main purpose of DNA replication during cell division?
To ensure the formation of two identical daughter cells
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
Each new DNA has one old and one new strand.
What is the function of pre-replication complex proteins like ORC and MCM?
They recognize origins of replication and recruit DNA replication machinery.
In which direction does DNA synthesis always proceed?
5'→3'
Why do DNA polymerases require a primer to initiate chain synthesis?
To begin chain growth as they cannot initiate de novo synthesis
Where does DNA replication start in eukaryotic cells?
At pre-replication complex recognition sites
Which enzyme is responsible for adding deoxynucleotides to the free hydroxyl group at the 3′ end of the primer during DNA replication?
Polymerases
What is the function of Primases in DNA replication?
To form the RNA primers required for DNA polymerases
Which enzyme is essential in unwinding the parental DNA strands during DNA replication?
Helicases
What is the function of Topoisomerases during DNA replication?
To relieve tensions created by the replication bubble
Which enzyme is responsible for ligation of different strands that are being formed, especially in the lagging strand?
Ligases
What complex is involved in synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication?
Rfc (Replication factors)
What is the function of the clamp loader in DNA replication?
Opening the PCNA ring to load onto DNA
What is the role of DNA polymerase-alpha in primer synthesis during DNA replication?
Adding DNA to the RNA primer
Which enzyme is responsible for polymerizing the lagging strand during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ)
What is the main function of the complex formed by DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ)-PCNA-Rfc in DNA replication?
Polymerizing the lagging strand
What is a common feature of all telomeres that relates to their orientation on the chromosome?
3'-end made up of a G-rich single-stranded region
During DNA replication, what does the term 'concurrent' refer to?
Simultaneous synthesis of leading and lagging strands in both replication forks
Test your knowledge on the process of DNA replication, including the roles of leading and lagging strands, enzymes such as helicases and primases, and the formation of Okazaki fragments.
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