DNA Replication Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of DNA replication during cell division?

  • To repair DNA damage in cells
  • To ensure the formation of two identical daughter cells (correct)
  • To increase genetic diversity in daughter cells
  • To form different daughter cells

    • Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?

  • Each new DNA has both old strands from the original DNA.
  • Each new DNA has two completely new strands.
  • Each new DNA has only one old strand.
  • Each new DNA has one old and one new strand. (correct)

    • What is the function of pre-replication complex proteins like ORC and MCM?

  • They are responsible for breaking down the DNA strands.
  • They are involved in DNA repair mechanisms.
  • They regulate cell cycle checkpoints.
  • They recognize origins of replication and recruit DNA replication machinery. (correct)

    • In which direction does DNA synthesis always proceed?

    <p>5'→3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do DNA polymerases require a primer to initiate chain synthesis?

    <p>To begin chain growth as they cannot initiate de novo synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication start in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>At pre-replication complex recognition sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for adding deoxynucleotides to the free hydroxyl group at the 3′ end of the primer during DNA replication?

    <p>Polymerases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Primases in DNA replication?

    <p>To form the RNA primers required for DNA polymerases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is essential in unwinding the parental DNA strands during DNA replication?

    <p>Helicases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Topoisomerases during DNA replication?

    <p>To relieve tensions created by the replication bubble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for ligation of different strands that are being formed, especially in the lagging strand?

    <p>Ligases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complex is involved in synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication?

    <p>Rfc (Replication factors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the clamp loader in DNA replication?

    <p>Opening the PCNA ring to load onto DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase-alpha in primer synthesis during DNA replication?

    <p>Adding DNA to the RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for polymerizing the lagging strand during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the complex formed by DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ)-PCNA-Rfc in DNA replication?

    <p>Polymerizing the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of all telomeres that relates to their orientation on the chromosome?

    <p>3'-end made up of a G-rich single-stranded region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, what does the term 'concurrent' refer to?

    <p>Simultaneous synthesis of leading and lagging strands in both replication forks</p> Signup and view all the answers

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