Podcast
Questions and Answers
What direction can DNA polymerase only synthesize DNA?
What direction can DNA polymerase only synthesize DNA?
- 5’ to 3’ direction (correct)
- Randomly
- In both directions
- 3’ to 5’ direction
Which statement accurately reflects a limitation of DNA polymerase's function?
Which statement accurately reflects a limitation of DNA polymerase's function?
- It can add nucleotides to any position in a strand.
- It can synthesize DNA without a primer.
- It requires a free 3’ OH group on an existing strand of nucleotides to add nucleotides. (correct)
- It can replace RNA primers with DNA after replication.
What is the main role of the origin recognition complex (ORC) in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main role of the origin recognition complex (ORC) in eukaryotic cells?
- It binds to the ARS to initiate replication. (correct)
- It synthesizes new DNA strands.
- It replaces RNA primers with DNA.
- It relaxes the tension ahead of the replication fork.
Which of the following statements best describes the 'end replication problem'?
Which of the following statements best describes the 'end replication problem'?
Which mechanism does telomerase use to maintain telomere length?
Which mechanism does telomerase use to maintain telomere length?
Why might cancer cells have high levels of telomerase activity?
Why might cancer cells have high levels of telomerase activity?
What is required to initiate the synthesis of new DNA during replication?
What is required to initiate the synthesis of new DNA during replication?
What role does tension relief play in DNA replication?
What role does tension relief play in DNA replication?
What role does heat play in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
What role does heat play in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
How does the self-correcting ability of DNA polymerase function?
How does the self-correcting ability of DNA polymerase function?
What effect does AZT have when incorporated into a DNA strand?
What effect does AZT have when incorporated into a DNA strand?
Why is AZT less likely to be incorporated into human DNA compared to that of HIV?
Why is AZT less likely to be incorporated into human DNA compared to that of HIV?
Which protein's primary job is to unwind the DNA strands during replication?
Which protein's primary job is to unwind the DNA strands during replication?
What is a significant feature of telomerase in relation to cellular aging?
What is a significant feature of telomerase in relation to cellular aging?
Which process is directly inhibited by the presence of AZT in the replication of HIV?
Which process is directly inhibited by the presence of AZT in the replication of HIV?
What is the primary role of primase during the DNA replication process?
What is the primary role of primase during the DNA replication process?
Which statement correctly describes the direction of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase?
Which statement correctly describes the direction of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase?
What characterizes the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
What characterizes the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
What is the primary function of telomerase in cells?
What is the primary function of telomerase in cells?
How do the origins of replication in bacteria compare to those in mammalian cells?
How do the origins of replication in bacteria compare to those in mammalian cells?
Which statement about DNA replication accuracy is true?
Which statement about DNA replication accuracy is true?
Which statement accurately describes the synthesis of the leading strand during DNA replication?
Which statement accurately describes the synthesis of the leading strand during DNA replication?
What is the role of telomerase during DNA replication?
What is the role of telomerase during DNA replication?
Which statement correctly describes the nature of DNA strand synthesis?
Which statement correctly describes the nature of DNA strand synthesis?
Which process occurs primarily on the lagging strand during DNA replication?
Which process occurs primarily on the lagging strand during DNA replication?
Which component is essential for the initiation of DNA synthesis?
Which component is essential for the initiation of DNA synthesis?
Which protein's primary function is to separate the two strands of DNA during PCR?
Which protein's primary function is to separate the two strands of DNA during PCR?
What is the role of AZT when incorporated into a growing strand of DNA?
What is the role of AZT when incorporated into a growing strand of DNA?
What contributes to human DNA polymerase's lower incorporation rate of AZT compared to HIV reverse transcriptase?
What contributes to human DNA polymerase's lower incorporation rate of AZT compared to HIV reverse transcriptase?
Why does AZT have a greater effect on HIV than on human cells?
Why does AZT have a greater effect on HIV than on human cells?
What function does DNA polymerase serve in relation to its ability to correct errors?
What function does DNA polymerase serve in relation to its ability to correct errors?
Which statement best describes the relationship between AZT and thymidine?
Which statement best describes the relationship between AZT and thymidine?
Which characteristic of HIV's reverse transcriptase contributes to AZT's efficacy against it?
Which characteristic of HIV's reverse transcriptase contributes to AZT's efficacy against it?
What is the primary reason for using heat in the Polymerase Chain Reaction?
What is the primary reason for using heat in the Polymerase Chain Reaction?
What is the role of the origin recognition complex (ORC) in eukaryotic DNA replication?
What is the role of the origin recognition complex (ORC) in eukaryotic DNA replication?
Which of the following statements accurately describes DNA polymerase's function?
Which of the following statements accurately describes DNA polymerase's function?
What must happen to RNA primers after DNA synthesis is initiated?
What must happen to RNA primers after DNA synthesis is initiated?
What is a key consequence of the end replication problem during DNA synthesis?
What is a key consequence of the end replication problem during DNA synthesis?
Which enzyme relieves tension ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication?
Which enzyme relieves tension ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication?
Which of the following accurately describes the action of telomerase?
Which of the following accurately describes the action of telomerase?
What is the main function of the proteins that coat single-stranded DNA during replication?
What is the main function of the proteins that coat single-stranded DNA during replication?
What characteristic of prokaryotic chromosomes assists in the replication process?
What characteristic of prokaryotic chromosomes assists in the replication process?
Study Notes
DNA Replication Key Concepts
- All known DNA polymerases synthesize DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
- Leading strand synthesis occurs continuously heading into the replication fork
- Lagging strand synthesis occurs in Okazaki fragments heading away from the replication fork
- DNA polymerase starts at origins of replication, which contain binding sites for proteins that initiate the process.
- DNA polymerase and various other proteins act in a coordinated manner to synthesize both leading and lagging strands.
- Telomeric repeat sequences at the ends of chromosomes are maintained by the action of telomerase (a reverse transcriptase) that carries its own template RNA.
The reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerase
- DNA is double stranded
- Strands are antiparallel
- A-T pairs → 2 hydrogen bonds
- G-C pairs → 3 hydrogen bonds
- Replication is semiconservative
- New strands of DNA synthesized 5' to 3'
- 5' phosphate group
- 3' hydroxyl group
- DNA synthesis requires input of energy
Which of the following is NOT true of DNA polymerase?
- DNA polymerase cannot synthesize DNA in the 3’ to 5’ direction
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of DNA replication including the roles of DNA polymerases, leading and lagging strand synthesis, and the importance of telomerase. Test your understanding of how DNA is synthesized in a semiconservative manner and the biochemical mechanisms involved. Challenge yourself with key terms and processes related to this fundamental biological process.
