DNA Replication Flashcards

Study Notes

DNA Replication Overview

DNA replication is the process that copies DNA during the cell cycle.
It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Key Stages and Processes

DNA replication takes place specifically during the S Phase of the cell cycle.
The purpose of replication is to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of DNA after cell division.
A template serves as a pattern for synthesizing complementary DNA strands.

Complementary Strands

Given the DNA sequence TAGGTAC, the complementary strand also reads TAGGTAC, reflecting base pairing.

Role of Proteins

Proteins are crucial in DNA replication; they facilitate the unzipping of DNA strands, hold them apart, and bond nucleotides to form new strands.

Important Enzymes

DNA polymerase is the key enzyme responsible for forming bonds between nucleotides during replication.

Semi-Conservative Nature

DNA replication is termed semi-conservative because each newly formed DNA molecule consists of one original (old) strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Mechanism of Strand Separation

For the two strands of DNA to separate, the hydrogen bonds that connect base pairs must be broken.

Steps of DNA Replication

Enzymes initiate the process by unzipping the DNA helix.
DNA polymerase then binds nucleotides, creating new strands that are complementary to the original.
This results in the formation of two identical DNA molecules ready for distribution to daughter cells.

Description

Test your knowledge about DNA replication with these flashcards. Learn key concepts like where replication occurs, the S phase, and the importance of this critical process during the cell cycle. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding.