DNA Replication and Replication Forks
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of chaperone proteins in protein folding?

  • Stabilize partially folded regions (correct)
  • Inhibit protein secretion
  • Promote misfolding of proteins
  • Initiate protein folding process
  • What is the function of replication forks in DNA replication?

  • Creating messenger RNA molecules
  • Encoding proteins
  • Unwinding the double helix (correct)
  • Joining fragments of the lagging strand
  • Where do misfolded proteins go if they fail to fold correctly?

  • Lysosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (correct)
  • What is the fate of a protein with multiple tags in the cell?

    <p>Degraded in the proteasome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction is the leading strand synthesized in during DNA replication?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

    <p>Binding DNA at certain sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ubiquitin in protein misfolding?

    <p>Tag misfolded proteins for degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA synthesis occur in the replication fork?

    <p>In both strands simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a protein's 'signal sequence' in membrane-bound proteins?

    <p>Assist in protein secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human genome controls protein synthesis?

    <p>Exome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of unwinding the DNA double helix at the origins of replication?

    <p>To form replication forks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of cell division does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of DNA replication proposes that both strands of DNA are duplicated?

    <p>Conservative Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted the experiment in 1957 that demonstrated DNA replicates via a semiconservative mechanism?

    <p>Matthew Meselson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the Central Dogma involving the synthesis of amino acids into proteins?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist proposed the Semiconservative Model of DNA replication?

    <p>Francis Crick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a parental cell do before dividing to ensure proper chromosome segregation?

    <p>Replicate its entire genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of spinning the E.coli bacteria with heavy nitrogen (N15) in an ultracentrifuge?

    <p>To separate DNA with heavy nitrogen from DNA with light nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Meselson and Stahl demonstrate with their density shift experiment?

    <p>Replication is a semiconservative process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do parental strands play in DNA replication?

    <p>Serve as a template for the synthesis of new DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the DNA replication process, what occurs during the initiation phase?

    <p>Replication bubbles are created</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of DNA replication involves the actual synthesis of new DNA strands?

    <p>Elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when sugar-phosphate backbones of daughter strands close during DNA replication?

    <p>Daughter strands are sealed off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the protein release factor in the termination process of protein synthesis?

    <p>Binds to the stop codon to release the polypeptide from the tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein synthesis, what happens after the third tRNA arrives?

    <p>More tRNAs continue to link amino acids to the polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of a protein?

    <p>Amino acid sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the secondary structure of a protein differ from the tertiary structure?

    <p>Secondary structure consists of coiling and folding patterns, while tertiary structure refers to 3D forms shaped by R group interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final event in the termination phase of protein synthesis?

    <p>Release of the polypeptide from the tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes proteins to fold into three-dimensional shapes in protein synthesis?

    <p>Attractions and repulsions between amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

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