DNA Replication and Replication Forks

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of chaperone proteins in protein folding?

  • Stabilize partially folded regions (correct)
  • Inhibit protein secretion
  • Promote misfolding of proteins
  • Initiate protein folding process

What is the function of replication forks in DNA replication?

  • Creating messenger RNA molecules
  • Encoding proteins
  • Unwinding the double helix (correct)
  • Joining fragments of the lagging strand

Where do misfolded proteins go if they fail to fold correctly?

  • Lysosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (correct)

What is the fate of a protein with multiple tags in the cell?

<p>Degraded in the proteasome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which direction is the leading strand synthesized in during DNA replication?

<p>5' to 3' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

<p>Binding DNA at certain sequences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ubiquitin in protein misfolding?

<p>Tag misfolded proteins for degradation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does DNA synthesis occur in the replication fork?

<p>In both strands simultaneously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a protein's 'signal sequence' in membrane-bound proteins?

<p>Assist in protein secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the human genome controls protein synthesis?

<p>Exome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of unwinding the DNA double helix at the origins of replication?

<p>To form replication forks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of cell division does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model of DNA replication proposes that both strands of DNA are duplicated?

<p>Conservative Model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who conducted the experiment in 1957 that demonstrated DNA replicates via a semiconservative mechanism?

<p>Matthew Meselson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the Central Dogma involving the synthesis of amino acids into proteins?

<p>Translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist proposed the Semiconservative Model of DNA replication?

<p>Francis Crick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a parental cell do before dividing to ensure proper chromosome segregation?

<p>Replicate its entire genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of spinning the E.coli bacteria with heavy nitrogen (N15) in an ultracentrifuge?

<p>To separate DNA with heavy nitrogen from DNA with light nitrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Meselson and Stahl demonstrate with their density shift experiment?

<p>Replication is a semiconservative process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do parental strands play in DNA replication?

<p>Serve as a template for the synthesis of new DNA strands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the DNA replication process, what occurs during the initiation phase?

<p>Replication bubbles are created (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of DNA replication involves the actual synthesis of new DNA strands?

<p>Elongation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sugar-phosphate backbones of daughter strands close during DNA replication?

<p>Daughter strands are sealed off (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the protein release factor in the termination process of protein synthesis?

<p>Binds to the stop codon to release the polypeptide from the tRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In protein synthesis, what happens after the third tRNA arrives?

<p>More tRNAs continue to link amino acids to the polypeptide chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein?

<p>Amino acid sequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the secondary structure of a protein differ from the tertiary structure?

<p>Secondary structure consists of coiling and folding patterns, while tertiary structure refers to 3D forms shaped by R group interactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final event in the termination phase of protein synthesis?

<p>Release of the polypeptide from the tRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes proteins to fold into three-dimensional shapes in protein synthesis?

<p>Attractions and repulsions between amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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