29 Questions
What is the primary function of chaperone proteins in protein folding?
Stabilize partially folded regions
What is the function of replication forks in DNA replication?
Unwinding the double helix
Where do misfolded proteins go if they fail to fold correctly?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
What is the fate of a protein with multiple tags in the cell?
Degraded in the proteasome
Which direction is the leading strand synthesized in during DNA replication?
5' to 3'
What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?
Binding DNA at certain sequences
What is the role of ubiquitin in protein misfolding?
Tag misfolded proteins for degradation
Where does DNA synthesis occur in the replication fork?
In both strands simultaneously
What is the purpose of a protein's 'signal sequence' in membrane-bound proteins?
Assist in protein secretion
Which part of the human genome controls protein synthesis?
Exome
What is the purpose of unwinding the DNA double helix at the origins of replication?
To form replication forks
During which phase of cell division does DNA replication occur?
S phase
Which model of DNA replication proposes that both strands of DNA are duplicated?
Conservative Model
Who conducted the experiment in 1957 that demonstrated DNA replicates via a semiconservative mechanism?
Matthew Meselson
What is the final step in the Central Dogma involving the synthesis of amino acids into proteins?
Translation
Which scientist proposed the Semiconservative Model of DNA replication?
Francis Crick
What must a parental cell do before dividing to ensure proper chromosome segregation?
Replicate its entire genome
What is the main purpose of spinning the E.coli bacteria with heavy nitrogen (N15) in an ultracentrifuge?
To separate DNA with heavy nitrogen from DNA with light nitrogen
What did Meselson and Stahl demonstrate with their density shift experiment?
Replication is a semiconservative process
What role do parental strands play in DNA replication?
Serve as a template for the synthesis of new DNA strands
In the DNA replication process, what occurs during the initiation phase?
Replication bubbles are created
Which phase of DNA replication involves the actual synthesis of new DNA strands?
Elongation
What happens when sugar-phosphate backbones of daughter strands close during DNA replication?
Daughter strands are sealed off
What is the role of the protein release factor in the termination process of protein synthesis?
Binds to the stop codon to release the polypeptide from the tRNA
In protein synthesis, what happens after the third tRNA arrives?
More tRNAs continue to link amino acids to the polypeptide chain
What is the primary structure of a protein?
Amino acid sequence
How does the secondary structure of a protein differ from the tertiary structure?
Secondary structure consists of coiling and folding patterns, while tertiary structure refers to 3D forms shaped by R group interactions.
What is the final event in the termination phase of protein synthesis?
Release of the polypeptide from the tRNA
What causes proteins to fold into three-dimensional shapes in protein synthesis?
Attractions and repulsions between amino acids
Test your knowledge on the process of DNA replication and the formation of replication forks. Understand how the DNA double helix is unwound and synthesized in both directions during replication.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
