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Questions and Answers
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
During DNA replication, which enzyme synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the 3' end?
In lagging strand synthesis, what is the function of the RNA primer?
Which of the following is NOT involved in DNA replication?
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What type of RNA is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
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Which enzyme is essential for the joining of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?
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What is the role of the small subunit of the ribosome in protein synthesis?
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What signifies the end of translation in protein synthesis?
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How are point mutations defined?
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What is a characteristic of induced mutations?
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Which component of the ribosome binds the next amino acid in protein synthesis?
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What is the function of release factors in protein synthesis?
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What is the component of mRNA that contains triplets of bases called codons?
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Which RNA molecules carry amino acids from the cytoplasm to the site of translation in the ribosome?
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What is the specific part of tRNA that pairs with a codon in mRNA during translation?
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Which molecules combine with ribosomal proteins to form the subunits of a ribosome?
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What enzyme is responsible for linking amino acids by peptide bond formation during translation?
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What initiates the separation of the small and big subunits of the ribosome to begin translation?
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Study Notes
DNA Replication
- Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.
- DNA Polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the 3' end.
- The RNA primer provides a starting point for DNA synthesis on the lagging strand, facilitating the formation of Okazaki fragments.
- Primase is involved in laying down RNA primers; however, enzymes such as helicase, DNA polymerase, and ligase are essential to replication but sometimes confused with their roles.
Protein Synthesis
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
- DNA Ligase is essential for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
- The small subunit of the ribosome functions to bind mRNA and facilitate the proper alignment of tRNA and mRNA during translation.
- Stop codons signify the end of translation in protein synthesis, signaling the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide.
Genetic Mutations
- Point mutations are defined as changes in a single nucleotide base pair in DNA.
- Induced mutations occur due to external factors such as chemicals or radiation, distinguishing them from spontaneous mutations.
Ribosome Functionality
- The A site of the ribosome binds the next amino acid during protein synthesis as part of the tRNA's role.
- Release factors recognize stop codons and promote the disassembly of the translation complex during protein synthesis.
- The component of mRNA that contains triplets of bases is known as codons.
tRNA and Translation
- Aminoacyl-tRNA is the molecule that carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the site of translation in the ribosome.
- The anticodon region of tRNA pairs specifically with a codon in mRNA during translation.
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) combines with ribosomal proteins to form the subunits of a ribosome.
- Peptidyl transferase is the enzyme responsible for linking amino acids by peptide bond formation during translation.
- The separation of the small and large subunits of the ribosome to commence translation is initiated by the binding of the first tRNA to the start codon.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the process of DNA replication, where DNA strands separate and serve as templates for the creation of new DNA molecules. Explore features like semiconservative replication, base pairing rules, and the direction of DNA synthesis. Prepare for questions on topics related to protein synthesis as well.
