33 Questions
What is the term used to describe chemicals that insert themselves between DNA bases and can lead to frameshift mutations?
Intercalating agents
What type of mutation leads to the insertion of an extra nucleotide in the codon sequence?
Deletion mutation
Which type of mutant expresses its phenotype only under certain conditions?
Conditional mutant
Which type of mutation alters a single nucleotide base but does not change the amino acid sequence in the protein produced?
Silent mutation
What is the term for a mutant unable to grow in the absence of a specific molecule?
Auxotroph
What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in the genetic code?
It results in a faulty protein with a wrong amino acid sequence.
Which type of mutation results in a stop codon, halting the translation process?
Nonsense mutation
Which phenomenon can restore the original gene by reversing a previously occurred mutation?
Suppressor mutation
What type of mutant undergoes a mutation that reverts back to the wild-type phenotype at a secondary site?
Suppressor mutant
What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism as a result of its genetic makeup?
Phenotype
Which chemical agent is known for chemically altering DNA bases, such as guanine binding to thymine?
Methyl-nitrosoguanidine
What is the function of a suppressor tRNA with a mutation?
Synthesizes wild type despite the mutation
How is the process of screening different from selection?
Selection involves transferring cells to selection and non-selection, while screening involves looking through colonies for non-selectable qualities.
What is the role of LexA in the Global SOS response?
Prevents gene expression when not needed
What is the main advantage of horizontal gene transfer?
Transfers genetic material between unrelated organisms
How does RecA protein contribute to gene repair?
Repairs chromosome breaks and damages LexA
Which enzyme is responsible for preventing gene expression in the absence of damage?
LexA repressor
What is the protein that facilitates strand invasion during DNA exchange or recombination?
RecA
Which form of DNA can carry antibiotic resistance genes and other genes?
Plasmids
What allows for the movement of jumping genes known as transposons within DNA?
Transposase enzyme
What is responsible for creating double-strand breaks during the process of transferring DNA?
Transposase enzyme
Which element consists of two identical IS elements with genes in between and can carry antibiotic resistance genes?
Transposable element
During DNA exchange, what must be similar in order for homologous recombination to occur?
Flanking regions of DNA
What process involves the transfer of free DNA fragments?
Transformation
Which element recognizes the IS element ends in transposition?
Transposable gene
What is the function of RepA in plasmids during bacterial conjugation?
Unwinds the replication single strand
Which cycle involves phage DNA integrating into the bacterial chromosome at a homologous site?
Lysogenic Cycle
What is the function of a prophage in the lysogenic cycle?
Initiating a new lytic cycle
Which method involves the transfer of DNA directly between bacteria through direct cell-to-cell contact?
Conjugation
In rolling circle replication, what binds to the origin of replication (ori)?
RepA
What type of transduction brings DNA from the first host cell into the recipient cell?
Generalized transduction
What facilitates transfer during bacterial conjugation?
Tra operon
In specialized transduction, what exchanges a portion of host DNA between cells?
Transducing particle
Test your knowledge on DNA mutations, including the effects of 5-bromouracil and 2-aminopurine, as well as DNA-modifying agents like Methyl-nitrosoguanidine. Learn about intercalating agents and their role in inducing insertions or deletions in DNA sequences.
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