DNA Flashcards

DNA Structure and Function

• DNA is shaped like a double helix, resembling twisted ladder rungs.
• All body cells contain DNA, making it universal within the human body.
• DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, functions as a nucleic acid crucial for genetic information storage.

DNA Composition

• The blueprint analogy highlights DNA's role in directing biological functions.
• DNA comprises nitrogen bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) forming the rungs of the ladder.
• The sugar in DNA is glucose, essential for its structural integrity.
• Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
• DNA is held together by covalent bonds, providing stability to its structure.

Gene Characteristics

• A gene is defined as a segment of DNA responsible for coding proteins, influencing traits like hair color.
• Three nucleotides code for one amino acid, serving as the basic coding unit for proteins.

Differences between DNA and RNA

• DNA differs from RNA primarily due to the type of sugar it contains (deoxyribose vs. ribose).
• Uracil is a nitrogen base found in RNA but is absent in DNA, which contains thymine instead.

Genetic Processes

• The process of DNA replication involves making a copy of the DNA molecule, ensuring genetic continuity.
• RNA synthesis from DNA occurs through a process known as transcription, resulting in mRNA (messenger RNA), which transports genetic information to the cytoplasm.

Base Pairing Rules

• According to base pairing rules, adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine in DNA sequences.
• Given a specific DNA sequence (AAGCCA), its complementary strand will have the bases ACCGAA.

Discoveries in DNA Research

• James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with the discovery of DNA's structure, expanding the understanding of genetics.
• Rosalind Franklin significantly contributed by capturing the first photographs of DNA, aiding in the structural analysis.

Mutations and Impacts

• Changes or damages to a DNA sequence are termed mutations, which can affect gene function and ultimately influence traits.

Test your knowledge about DNA with these flashcards. Each card explores essential facts, definitions, and comparisons related to deoxyribonucleic acid. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of DNA structure and function.