26 Questions
Which process involves the synthesis of RNA using information from DNA?
Transcription
What is the chemical nature of the genetic material?
DNA
What are the distinct units that transmit hereditary information?
Genes
Who first observed chromosomes while studying dividing cells under the microscope?
Walther Flemming
What did Miescher call the material he extracted from white blood cells?
Nuclein
What did Avery and colleagues find was able to transform the R-strain bacteria into the S-strain?
Nucleic acid (DNA)
What did Hershey and Chase show is the genetic material of viruses?
DNA
Which form of DNA is the main form and is naturally occurring?
B-DNA
What is the biological significance of Z-DNA?
Not well understood
Which type of DNA is shorter and thicker than B-DNA?
A-DNA
What is the process called when DNA strands separate?
Denaturation
Which scientist used chromatographic methods to separate and quantify the relative amounts of the four bases in DNA?
Chargaff
What did Chargaff observe about the number of nucleotides in DNA samples?
The number of A = the number of T
What did Watson and Crick propose about the structure of DNA?
It has a helical structure
What holds the two strands of DNA together in the double helix?
Hydrogen bonds
Which technique was used to show that nucleosomes occur at 200-bp intervals?
Electrophoresis
What did Roger Kornberg and colleagues conclude about the histone complexes in nucleosomes?
They remain intact under isolation procedures
What technique did Kornberg and colleagues use to demonstrate their findings about nucleosomes?
Chemical crosslinking
Which two elements did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase label in their experiments?
Proteins and DNA
What did Hershey and Chase conclude about the genetic material of the T2 phage?
DNA was the genetic material of the phage T2
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
It catalyzes synthesis of DNA from RNA
What is the provirus in the reproductive cycle of a retrovirus?
The integrated viral genome
Which type of DNA packaging is a challenge for all forms of life?
Chromatin packaging
What is the main bacterial genome called?
Bacterial chromosome
What type of proteins bind to the negatively charged DNA in eukaryotes?
Histones
What is the basic unit of chromatin structure in eukaryotes?
Nucleosome
Test your knowledge on DNA denaturation, renaturation, and packaging with this quiz. Explore the challenges of fitting long DNA molecules into cells and nuclei.
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