DNA as Genetic Material and Structural Model

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What was the significance of Frederick Griffith's experiment in 1928?

Demonstrated the transformation principle where traits could be passed between bacteria (correct)

Proved the connection between genes and chromosomes

Provided evidence that viruses are made up mostly of nucleic acids and proteins

Showed that DNA is the genetic material of T2 phages

What did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase show in their 1952 experiment?

Proteins are responsible for genetic inheritance

Sulfur is found in phage DNA

RNA is more abundant in viruses than DNA

DNA is the genetic material of T2 phages (correct)

In the viral studies discussed, what is the role of bacteriophages in cells?

Infect cells and take over their metabolism for reproduction (correct)

Maintain cellular homeostasis

Regulate cell division

Produce new cells

What did Thomas Hunt Morgan show in 1911 regarding genes and chromosomes?

Connection between genes and chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiment with Radioactive sulfur (35S) in phage protein demonstrate?

Radioactive protein in phage particles Signup and view all the answers

How did living S cells and R cells react in Griffith's experiment when mixed together?

R cells transformed into S cells Signup and view all the answers

What did Erwin Chargaff's 1950 report on DNA composition reveal?

DNA composition varies from species to species Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with each other in DNA?

Guanine and Cytosine Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiments by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl support regarding DNA replication?

Semi-conservative model Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes DNA replication?

Daughter strands are built based on specific base-pairing rules Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of DNA that made it a credible candidate as genetic material?

Diversity of DNA composition Signup and view all the answers

How many origins of replication can eukaryotic chromosomes have?

Hundreds of origins Signup and view all the answers

During transcription, how does RNA polymerase move along the DNA?

Unwinding the double helix 10 to 20 bases at a time Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, at what rate does RNA polymerase progress during transcription?

40 nucleotides per second Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the termination of transcription in bacteria?

Polymerase stops at the end of the terminator Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribozymes in RNA processing?

Catalyze RNA splicing processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of introns and exons in RNA splicing?

Introns are noncoding stretches removed during splicing, while exons are coding regions Signup and view all the answers

What is added to the 5' end of mRNA during eukaryotic modification of RNA?

GTP cap Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for removing introns during RNA processing?

Spliceosomes Signup and view all the answers

How do alterations at the ends of mRNA molecules help in cellular processes?

Alterations facilitate mRNA export and protect mRNA from enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of polyadenylation in mRNA processing?

Protection of mRNA from degradation by enzymes Signup and view all the answers