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Questions and Answers
What type of bonds hold the two strands of a DNA double helix together?
Which nucleotide does adenine pair with in DNA?
What is the chemical polarity relationship between the two strands of a DNA double helix?
What is the structural feature of functional DNA molecules in cells?
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In RNA, which base replaces thymine found in DNA?
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What is the structure that packages DNA into 11-nm ellipsoidal beads in eukaryotic chromosomes?
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Which structures segregate 30-nm chromatin fibers into domains during metaphase?
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Study Notes
DNA Structure and Bonds
- Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of a DNA double helix together, providing stability while allowing for separation during replication and transcription.
- Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, forming complementary base pairs essential for the double helix structure.
Chemical Polarity and Functionality
- DNA strands have an antiparallel orientation, meaning one strand runs in a 5' to 3' direction while the other runs in a 3' to 5' direction, contributing to their chemical polarity.
- Functional DNA molecules in cells have a double helical structure, allowing for the efficient storage and transmission of genetic information.
RNA and Chromatin Structure
- In RNA, uracil replaces thymine, becoming the complementary base for adenine during base pairing.
- Nucleosomes are the structures that package DNA into 11-nm ellipsoidal beads in eukaryotic chromosomes, aiding in the organization and regulation of genetic material.
Metaphase Chromatin Dynamics
- During metaphase, cohesin complexes segregate 30-nm chromatin fibers into distinct domains, facilitating proper separation of chromosomes during cell division.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of DNA and RNA, including the double helix formation, base pairing, and differences between DNA and RNA molecules. Explore how DNA is uniquely suited to store and transmit genetic information, while RNA is typically single-stranded with uracil instead of thymine.
