30 Questions
What type of bond is formed between nucleotides in DNA?
Phosphodiester bond
In DNA, what type of bond links adenine with thymine?
Two hydrogen bonds
What is the primary structure of RNA?
Single strand of nucleotides
How many hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine in DNA?
Three hydrogen bonds
What is present at the 5’ end of a nucleic acid strand?
Free 5’-phosphate group
How are nucleotides linked in a double helix structure of DNA?
Phosphodiester bonds
What was the main conclusion drawn by Griffith from his experiment?
Dead S cells can transform living R bacteria into pathogenic S bacteria.
Why are bacteria of the 'S' strain pathogenic according to the text?
They have a capsule that protects them from an animal's defense system.
What does the term 'transformation' refer to in Griffith's experiment?
The change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
Why were some living cells of the nonpathogenic strain transformed into pathogenic cells in Griffith's experiment?
As a result of exposure to an unknown substance from dead pathogenic cells.
What additional evidence supported DNA as the genetic material according to the text?
Studies of a virus infecting bacteria.
What role did heat-killed cells play in Griffith's experiment?
They released an unknown substance that caused the transformation of living R cells.
What did Watson and Crick conclude regarding the pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?
The pairing is dictated by the structure of the bases
According to Franklin's model, how are the sugar-phosphate backbones arranged in DNA?
Antiparallel to each other
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine in a DNA base pair?
Two
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is a pyrimidine present in DNA and RNA?
Cytosine
In Franklin's space-filling model of DNA, how are the nitrogenous bases arranged?
Paired in the molecule's interior
Which statement describes the pairing of cytosine and guanine in DNA?
They form three hydrogen bonds
What is the complementary base sequence for the given DNA section: A-G-T-C-C-A-A-T-C?
T-C-A-G-G-T-T-A-G
What is the main function of RNA in the genetic code?
Transmit information from DNA to make proteins
Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
What is the significance of the anticodon on transfer RNA (tRNA)?
It complements a specific codon on mRNA
During DNA replication, what happens to the parent strands?
Each parent strand bonds with new complementary bases
Which nitrogen base is unique to DNA but not found in RNA?
Thymine
In which type of nucleic acid is uracil found as a nitrogen base?
RNA
What type of sugar is found in DNA, distinguishing it from RNA?
Deoxyribose with no O atom on carbon 2'
How are nucleosides named based on their nitrogen base?
By adding -osine for pyrimidines and -idine for purines
What defines a nucleotide as compared to a nucleoside?
A nucleotide has a phosphate ester with the C5’ –OH group
How do nucleotides form according to the text?
When the C5’ –OH on sugar bonds to phosphoric acid
Test your knowledge on the nitrogen bases found in DNA and RNA, including the differences between thymine and uracil. Explore the pentose sugars used in both DNA and RNA, as well as the distinction between ribose and deoxyribose.
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